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List of California native plants

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List of California native plants

Further information: List of flora of the Mojave Desert and Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone

California native plants are plants that existed in California prior to the arrival of European explorers and colonists in the late 18th century.[1] California includes parts of at least three phytochoria. The largest is the California Floristic Province, a geographical area that covers most of California, portions of neighboring Oregon, Nevada, and Baja California, and is regarded as a "world hotspot" of biodiversity.[2][3]

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Native wildflower blazing star (Mentzelia lindleyi)
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Gentiana algida in the Sierra Nevada

Introduction

In 1993, The Jepson Manual estimated that California was home to 4,693 native species and 1,169 native subspecies or varieties, including 1,416 endemic species. A 2001 study by the California Native Plant Society estimated 6,300 native plants. These estimates continue to change over time.[2]

Of California's total plant population, 2,153 species, subspecies, and varieties are endemic and native to California alone, according to the 1993 Jepson Manual study.[4] This botanical diversity stems not only from the size of the state, but also its diverse topographies, climates, and soils (e.g. serpentine outcrops). Numerous plant groupings exist in California, and botanists work to structure them into identifiable ecoregions, plant communities, vegetation types, and habitats, and taxonomies.[4][5]

California native plants include some that have widespread horticultural use. Sometimes the appreciation began outside of California—lupines, California fuchsias, and California poppies were first cultivated in British and European gardens for over a century.[6]

Selected trees

Summarize
Perspective

Coniferous trees

Sequoias and redwoods

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Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

Pine trees

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Pinus ponderosa, Kings Canyon National Park

Western Cypress

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Monterey cypress, Carmel

Other conifers

Oak trees

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Valley oak near Mount Diablo.
California is home to many deciduous and evergreen oaks, often occurring in oak woodlands:

Riparian trees

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Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Lee Vining Canyon
In riparian areas (streamside and moist habitats) some of the trees include:

Other trees and tree-like shrubs

Selected shrubs

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Fremontodendron californicum (California flannelbush)

Selected desert plants

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A Joshua tree in Joshua Tree National Park
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Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)
See also: Category:Flora of the California desert regions

Selected perennials

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Eriogonum fasciculatum (California buckwheat)

Sunny habitats

Shady habitats

Ferns

Selected bulbs

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Brodiaea coronaria (California hyacinth)

Selected annuals and wildflowers

Selected vines

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Aristolochia californica (Dutchman's pipe)

Selected grasses

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Festuca californica, El Cajon
Grasses:[15]
Grasslike:[16]

Selected succulents

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Coast dudleya (Dudleya caespitosa)
Dudleyas
Sedums

Environmental challenges

Some California native plants are in rapid decline in their native habitat due to urban sprawl, agriculture, overgrazing, recreational impacts, pollution, and invasive non-native species (invasive exotics) colonization pressures (animals and other kingdoms of life, as well as plants).[17]

California also has 1,023 species of non-native plants, some now problematic invasive species, such as yellow star-thistle, that were introduced during the Spanish colonization, the California Gold Rush, and subsequent immigrations and import trading of the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

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