This is a list of Brazilian writers, those born in Brazil or who have established citizenship or residency.
- Arnaldo Jabor (1940-2022)
- Luiz Castanho de Almeida (1904–1981), priest, historian, writer
- Flavio Alves (born 1969), memoirist
- Kevin Einstein Barreto Poubel (1997–alive), grammarian
- Rubem Alves (1933–2014), theologian
- Mário de Andrade (1893–1945), poet, musicologist
- Oswald de Andrade (1890–1954), poet, essayist
- Nelson de Araújo (1926–1993), historian, folklorist
- Gustavo Barroso (1888–1959), politician
- Roger Bastide (1898–1974), sociologist
- Leonardo Boff (born 1938), theologian
- Josué de Castro (1908–1973), sociologist
- Gauss Moutinho Cordeiro (born 1952), mathematician
- Oswaldo Cruz (1872–1917), physician, epidemiologist
- Euclides da Cunha (1866–1909), sociologist
- Luís da Câmara Cascudo (Câmara Cascudo) (1898–1986) folklorist
- Alessandra Silvestri-Levy (born 1972)
- Antônio Houaiss (1915–1999) dicionarist
- Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira (1910–1989)
- José Maria da Silva Paranhos, Baron of Rio Branco (1819–1880) historian
- Caio Prado Júnior (1907–1990) historian
- Celso Furtado (1920–2004) economist
- Darcy Ribeiro (1922–1997) anthropologist
- Eliane Brum (born 1966)
- Florestan Fernandes (1920–1995) historian, sociologist
- Gilberto Freyre (1900–1987) sociologist
- Joaquim Nabuco (1849–1910) memoirist, diplomat
- José Guilherme Merquior (1941–1991) philosopher, sociologist
- José Lino Grünewald (1931–2000) poet, translator
- José Mariano da Conceição Veloso (1742–1811) botanist
- Julio Ximenes Senior (1901–1975) physician
- Luiz Felipe Pondé (born 1959)
- Miguel Reale (1910–2006) law theorist
- Paulo Alfeu Junqueira Duarte (1899–1984) archaeologist
- Paulo Freire (1921–1997) educator, political theorist
- Pedro Corrêa do Lago (born 1958) writer and curator
- Plínio Salgado (1901–1975) politician
- Raymundo Faoro (1925–2003) sociologist
- Rinaldo de Lamare (1910–2002) physician
- Roberto da Matta (born 1936) anthropologist
- Ruy Barbosa (1849–1923) political theorist
- Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (1902–1982) historian
- Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima) (1893–1983) journalist
- Viscount of Taunay (1843–1899) historian
- Olavo de Carvalho (1947–2022) philosopher, journalist
- Vicente Ferreira da Silva (1918–1963) logician
- Marcelo Cassaro (born 1970) rpg creator, comics writer
- Millôr Fernandes (1924–2012) journalist, poet, essayist
- Zélia Gattai (1916–2008) memoirist, children literature
- Alice Dayrell Caldeira Brant (Helena Morley) (1880–1970) memoirist
- Ricardo Semler (born 1959) business
- Gabriel Soares de Souza (1540–1591) naturalist
- Mateus Soares de Azevedo (born 1959) historian
- Malba Tahan (1895–1974) pen name for Júlio César de Mello e Souza children literature
- Adelmar Tavares (1888–1963) poet
- Franklin Távora (1842–1888) novelist
- Miguel Torres de Andrade (1926–1962) screenplay writer
- Fagundes Varela (1841–1875) poet
- António Vieira (1608–1697) preacher, historian
- Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco (1868–1916) short stories
- Austregésilo de Athayde (1898–1993) journalist
- Fabrício Carpi Nejar (born 1972) poet
- Aristides Fraga Lima (1923–c. 1996) children literature
- Henrique Maximiano Coelho Neto (1864–1934) novelist
- José do Patrocínio (1853–1905) journalist
- Afrânio Peixoto (1876–1947) novelist
- Afonso Schmidt (1890–1964) journalist
- Paulo Setúbal (1893–1937) poet, novelist
- Narbal Fontes (1902–1960) children's literature
- Eduardo Portella (1932–2017) critic
- Francisco de Sales Torres Homem (1822–1891)
- Ivan Ângelo (born 1936) novelist, journalist, short stories
- Paulo Fernando Craveiro (born 1934) romance writer, chronicalist, poet, journalist
- Juliana Cunha (born 1987), journalist, writer and university professor