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Lymphatic tissue in the tongue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The lingual tonsils are a collection of lymphoid tissue located in the lamina propria of the root of the tongue.[1] This lymphoid tissue consists of the nodules rich in cells of the immune system (immunocytes).[2] The immunocytes initiate the immune response when the lingual tonsils get in contact with invading microorganisms (pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites).[2][3][4]
| Lingual tonsils | |
|---|---|
Tongue | |
| Details | |
| System | Immune system (lymphatic system) |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | tonsilla lingualis |
| TA98 | A05.1.04.022 |
| TA2 | 2830 |
| FMA | 54836 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Lingual tonsils are covered externally by stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized) that invaginates inward forming tonsillar crypts. Beneath the epithelium is a layer of lymphoid nodules containing lymphocytes. Mucous glands located at the root of the tongue are drained through several ducts into the crypts of the lingual tonsils.[2][3] Secretions of these mucous glands keep the crypts clean and free of any debris.
Lingual tonsils are located on posterior aspect of tongue which is supplied through:[1]
Lingual tonsils are innervated by tonsillar nerves from the tonsilar plexus, formed by the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.[1]
Like other lymphatic tissues, the function of lingual tonsils is to prevent infections. These tonsils contain B and T lymphocytes which get activated when harmful bacteria and viruses come in contact with tonsils. B lymphocytes kill pathogens by producing antibodies against them, while T lymphocytes directly kill them releasing cytotoxic substances or indirectly by stimulating other cells of the immune system.[2][3][4]
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of neoplasm that can affect lingual tonsils.[5]
Enlarged or hypertrophic lingual tonsils have the potential to cause or exacerbate sleep apnea.[6]
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