The term liberal hawk refers to a politically liberal person (generally, in the American sense of the term) who supports a hawkish, interventionist foreign policy.
Overview
Past U.S. presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson have been described as liberal hawks for their roles in bringing about America's status as the world's premier military power. The Clinton Doctrine can also be considered as consistent with this vision. Today the term is most frequently used to describe liberals who supported or still support the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, which was authorized by the United States Congress and ordered by president George W. Bush. The invasion was controversial among all political sides. In December 2002, American liberals were conflicted over whether or not going to war in Iraq was the correct decision; some felt that they should support the war, in accordance with their philosophy of liberal internationalism, i.e. support of military intervention.[1]
One document cited as promoting a liberal hawkish point of view is Progressive Internationalism: A Democratic National Security Strategy, published by the Progressive Policy Institute in October 2003.[2] Another document related to the stance is a letter to President Bush sent by Social Democrats USA in February 2003, which urged the military overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime.[3]
In January 2004, Paul Berman, Thomas Friedman, Christopher Hitchens, George Packer, Kenneth Pollack, Jacob Weisberg, Fareed Zakaria, and Fred Kaplan participated in a five-day online forum, Liberal Hawks Reconsider the Iraq War, in which they discussed whether they had been correct in advocating for military action against Saddam Hussein's regime. Kaplan by that point had renounced his prior support, but the general consensus among the participants was that, despite the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, the war had still been justified on humanitarian grounds.
Political scientists argue that liberals tend to be hawkish to counter criticism and accusations by conservatives of being "soft" and having a tendency of appeasing foreign adversaries. Others argue that they are driven by Wilsonian idealism to reshape the world in their image.
Opposition to the Sunshine Policy
The Sunshine Policy is the dovish foreign policy with North Korea of South Korean liberals, in which President Donald Trump has also expressed support,[4] but the establishment consisting of liberals and conservatives alike de facto oppose the policy and support a more hawkish foreign policy toward North Korea,[5] creating a conflict with South Korean liberals.[6]
Despite being a liberal, President Barack Obama opposed the Sunshine Policy and preferred a more hawkish foreign policy of "strategic patience ".[7]
The hostile diplomatic approach towards North Korea has made South Korea liberals prefer Donald Trump diplomatically, who is more transactional in nature in his dealings with North Korea. However, conservatives, who are more pro-American support the liberal hawks approach. In the 2020 United States presidential election, Hong Joon-pyo, known as a "Korean Trumpist",[8] supported Joe Biden.[9] The current president of South Korea Yoon Suk-yeol, dubbed the "K-Trump" in South Korean media, defended President Joe Biden's policy toward North Korea and opposing the new Sunshine Policy approach of Donald Trump and South Korean liberals. In contrast, South Korean liberals Moon Chung-in and Kim Ou-joon supported Donald Trump's Sunshine Policy.[6][10]
Notable people
The list includes people who have been described as liberal hawks.
Politicians
- Howard Berman – former U.S. Representative from California[11]
- Joe Biden - U.S. President, elected in 2020[12]
- Tony Blair – former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom[13][14]
- Ben Cardin – U.S. Senator from Maryland, former U.S. Representative from Maryland[15]
- Hillary Clinton – former First Lady of the United States, former U.S. Senator from New York, former US Secretary of State, 2008 Democratic presidential candidate, 2016 Democratic presidential nominee[16][17][18]
- Joe Donnelly – former U.S. Representative and senator from Indiana[19]
- Eliot Engel – former U.S. Representative from New York[20]
- Al Gore – former U.S. Senator from Tennessee, former Vice President of the United States, 2000 Democratic presidential nominee[21]
- Josh Gottheimer – U.S. Representative from New Jersey[22]
- Jane Harman – former U.S. Representative from California[23]
- Michael Ignatieff – former leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, former professor at Harvard's Carr Center for Human Rights Policy[24]
- Henry "Scoop" Jackson – United States Senator who represented Washington State from 1953 to 1983[25][26]
- Joe Lieberman – former U.S. Senator from Connecticut, 2000 Democratic vice presidential nominee, 2004 Democratic presidential candidate[27][28][29]
- Tzipi Livni – former vice prime minister of Israel, founder of the Hatnuah party, Foreign Minister, Justice Minister and Leader of the Opposition.[30]
- Bob Menendez – former U.S. Senator from New Jersey, former U.S. Representative from New Jersey[31][32]
- Sam Nunn – former U.S. Senator from Georgia (1972-1997)[33][34]
- Kyrsten Sinema – U.S. Senator from Arizona, former U.S. Representative from Arizona[35]
Government officials
- Jake Sullivan – current U.S. National Security Advisor[36][37]
- Madeleine Albright – former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, former U.S. Secretary of State[38]
- Zbigniew Brzezinski – former National Security Advisor, political scientist[39][40][41]
- Kenneth Pollack – former Clinton administration advisor and senior fellow at The Brookings Institution[2]
- Samantha Power – former United States Ambassador to the United Nations [42]
- Dennis Ross[43]
- Susan Rice[44][45]
- Michael McFaul – Former United States Ambassador to Russia[46][47]
- Richard Holbrooke – Former United States Ambassador to the United Nations[48]
- James Woolsey – Former United States Under Secretary of the Navy [49][50]
Other
- Ronald D. Asmus – scholar at the German Marshall Fund of the United States[2]
- Paul Berman – contributing editor to Dissent and The New Republic (described as a 'Philosopher King' of liberal hawks)[2]
- Jonathan Chait – self-described liberal hawk[51]
- Larry Diamond – senior fellow at the Hoover Institution[2]
- Thomas Friedman[52]
- Christopher Hitchens – British-American journalist, essayist, critic and writer[53]
- Fred Kaplan
- Bill Keller
- George Packer
- Michael Tomasky – Editor of Guardian America[2]
- Jacob Weisberg
- Fareed Zakaria[52]
See also
References
External links
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