Nitrospirota

Not to be confused with Nitrospinota.

Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.^[2] The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.^[3][4]

Nitrospirota
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Nitrospirota Garrity & Holt 2021[1]
Classes & Orders
"Leptospirillia" "Leptospirillales" Nitrospiria "Nitrospirales" "Troglogloeales" "Thermodesulfovibrionia" "Thermodesulfovibrionales"
Synonyms
"Nitrospirae" Garrity and Holt 2001 "Nitrospiraeota" Oren et al. 2015 "Nitrospirota" Whitman et al. 2018

Nitrospirota contains nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB^[5]) and commamox bacteria Nitrospira inopinata discovered in 2015^[6][7] and cultivated in 2017.^[8]

Phylogeny

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[9][10][11]

120 single copy marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[12][13][14]

Nitrospirota "Leptospirillia" "Leptospirillaceae" L. ferriphilum L. ferrooxidans Leptospirillum "Leptospirillales" Thermodesulfovibrionia Dissulfurispiraceae Dissulfurispira thermophila Thermodesulfovibrionaceae T. hydrogeniphilus T. aggregans T. thiophilus T. islandicus T. yellowstonii Thermodesulfovibrio Thermodesulfovibrionales

"Leptospirillaeota" "Leptospirillales" "Leptospirillum" L. ferrooxidans "L. rubarum" L. ferriphilum "Leptospirillaceae" "Leptospirillia" Nitrospirota "Thermodesulfovibrionia" "Magnetobacteriaceae" "Ca. Magnetobacterium casense" "Ca. Magnetominusculus xianensis" "Sulfobiaceae" "Ca. Sulfobium mesophilum" Dissulfurispiraceae Dissulfurispira thermophila Thermodesulfovibrionaceae T. thiophilus T. aggregans T. yellowstonii Thermodesulfovibrio "Thermodesulfovibrionales" "Nitrospiria" "Troglogloeales" "Ca. Manganitrophus noduliformans" "Manganitrophaceae" "Nitrospirales" Nitrospira "N. defluvii" "N. japonica" "N. lenta" N. moscoviensis "Ca. N. inopinata" "Ca. N. kreftii" "Ca. N. nitrosa" "Ca. N. nitrificans" "Nitrospiraceae"

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)^[15] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[4]

• Phylum "Nitrospirota" Garrity & Holt 2021
  • Genus "Candidatus Magnetocorallium" Zhao et al. 2023
    • Species "Ca. M. paracelense" Zhao et al. 2023
  • Genus "Candidatus Magnetomicrobium" Zhang et al. 2021
    • Species "Ca. M. cryptolimnococcus" Zhang et al. 2021
  • Genus "Candidatus Nitrobium" Arshad et al. 2017
    • Species "Ca. N. versatile" Arshad et al. 2017
  • Genus "Candidatus Thermomagnetovibrio" Lefèvre et al. 2010
    • Species "Ca. T. paiutensis" Lefèvre et al. 2010
  • Class "Leptospirillia"
    • Order "Leptospirillales"
      • Family "Leptospirillaceae" Cavalier-Smith 2020
        • Genus Leptospirillum Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
          • Species "L. ferrodiazotrophum" Tyson et al. 2005
          • Species L. ferriphilum Coram & Rawlings 2002
          • Species L. ferrooxidans Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
          • Species "L. rubarum" Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009
          • Species L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000
  • Class Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015
    • Order "Nitrospirales" Garrity & Holt 2001
      • Family "Nitrospiraceae" Garrity & Holt 2001
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitronereus" Mueller et al. 2023
          • Species "Ca. N. thalassa" Mueller et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Porinitrospira" Taylor et al. 2022
          • Species "Ca. P. cymbastela" Taylor et al. 2022
        • Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
          • Species "Ca. N. alkalitolerans" Daebeler et al. 2020
          • Species "Ca. N. bockiana" Lebedeva et al. 2008
          • Species N. calida Lebedeva et al. 2011
          • Species N. defluvii Nowka et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. inopinata" Daims et al. 2015
          • Species N. japonica Ushiki et al. 2013
          • Species "Ca. N. kreftii" Sakoula et al. 2021
          • Species N. lenta Nowka et al. 2015
          • Species N. marina Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.)
          • Species N. moscoviensis Ehrich et al. 1995
          • Species "Ca. N. nitrificans" van Kessel et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. nitrosa" van Kessel et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. salsa" Haaijer et al. 2013
    • Order "Troglogloeales" Yu et al. 2022
      • Genus "Candidatus Troglogloea" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
        • Species "Ca. T. absolonii" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
      • Family "Manganitrophaceae" Yu et al. 2022
        • Genus "Candidatus Manganitrophus" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
          • Species "Ca. M. morganii" Yu et al. 2022
          • Species "Ca. M. noduliformans" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
  • Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
    • Order "Mariimomonadales" Yoon et al. 2023
      • Family "Mariimomonadaceae" Yoon et al. 2023
        • Genus "Ca. Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023
          • Species "Ca. M. ferrooxydans" Yoon et al. 2023
    • Order "Thermodesulfovibrionales" Umezawa et al. 2021
      • Family Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021
          • Species D. thermophila Umezawa et al. 2021
      • Family Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetobacterium" Spring et al. 1993
          • Species "Ca. M. bavaricum" Spring et al. 1993
          • Species "Ca. M. casense" corrig. Lin et al. 2014
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetominusculus" Lin et al. 2017
          • Species "Ca. M. xianensis" Lin et al. 2017
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetovum" corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011
          • Species "Ca. M. chiemensis" Kolinko 2014
          • Species "Ca. M. mohavensis" Lefevre et al. 2011
        • Genus "Candidatus Sulfobium" Zecchin et al. 2018
          • Species "Ca. S. mesophilum" Zecchin et al. 2018
        • Genus Thermodesulfovibrio Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. aggregans Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. hydrogeniphilus Haouari et al. 2009
          • Species T. islandicus Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000
          • Species T. thiophilus Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. yellowstonii Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)

See also

• Comammox
• Nitrate
• Nitrite
• Nitrogen cycle
• Nitrobacter
• Nitrobacteraceae
• Nitrosomonas
• Nitrospira
• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

References

1. Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
2. Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U (1986). "Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium". Arch Microbiol. 144 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1007/BF00454947. S2CID 29796511.
3. Ehrich S, Behrens D, Lebedeva E, Ludwig W, Bock E (July 1995). "A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship". Archives of Microbiology. 164 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1007/BF02568729. PMID 7646315. S2CID 2702110.
4. Sayers. "Nitrospirae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2016-03-20.
5. Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M (November 2001). "In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (11): 5273–84. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67.5273D. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001. PMC 93301. PMID 11679356.
6. Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria". Nature. 528 (7583): 504–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..504D. doi:10.1038/nature16461. PMC 5152751. PMID 26610024.
7. van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, et al. (December 2015). "Complete nitrification by a single microorganism". Nature. 528 (7583): 555–9. Bibcode:2015Natur.528..555V. doi:10.1038/nature16459. PMC 4878690. PMID 26610025.
8. Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, et al. (September 2017). "Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle". Nature. 549 (7671): 269–272. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..269K. doi:10.1038/nature23679. PMC 5600814. PMID 28847001.
9. "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
10. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
11. "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
12. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
13. "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
14. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
15. Euzéby JP. ""Nitrospirae"". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2016-03-20.

Further reading

• Lefèvre CT, Frankel RB, Abreu F, Lins U, Bazylinski DA (February 2011). "Culture-independent characterization of a novel, uncultivated magnetotactic member of the Nitrospirae phylum". Environmental Microbiology. 13 (2): 538–49. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02361.x. PMID 20977572.

External links

• "Leptospirillum sp".