These fishes lived from the Oligocene to Quaternary (from 33.9 to 1.806 million years ago). Fossils have been found in Italy, Cyprus, Greece, Azerbaijan, the Czech Republic, Germany and Hungary.[2]
D'Onghia, G., F. Mastrototaro i P. Maiorano, 2000. Biology of silver scabbard fish, Lepidopus caudatus (Trichiuridae), from the Ionian Sea (Eastern-Central Mediterranean). Cybium 24(3):249-262.
Fritzsche, R.A., 1982. Osteichthyes. A: Parker, S.P., Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, vol. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York: 858-944.
Parin, N. V. & Mikhailin, S. V., 1981. A new species of cutlassfish, Lepidopus dubius (Trichiuridae), from the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean. Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 21 (núm. 3): 403-410.
Parin, N. V. & Mikhailin, S. V., 1982. Lepidopus calcar, a new trichiurid fish from the Hawaiian underwater ridge. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 29 (n. 1): 27-30.
Portsev, P.I. i Y.K. Nikolaev, 1984. First discovery of frostfish, Lepidopus caudatus (Trichiuridae), in the Black sea. J. Ichthyol. 24(2):108
Rosenblatt, R. H. & Wilson, R. R. Jr., 1987. Cutlassfishes of the genus Lepidopus (Trichiuridae), with two new eastern Pacific species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (n. 4): 342-351.
Rosenblatt, R. H. & Wilson, R. R., Jr., 1987. Cutlassfishes of the genus Lepidopus (Trichiuridae), with two new eastern Pacific species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (núm. 4): 342-351.
Tuset, V.M., J.A. González, J.I. Santana, A. Moreno-Lopez i M.M. Garcia-Diaz, 2006. Reproductive pattern and growth in Lepidopus caudatus (Osteichthyes, Trichiuridae) from the Canary Islands (Eastern-Central Atlantic). Electronic Journal of ichthyology 1:26-37.
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