Lanreotide

Lanreotide, sold under the brand name Somatuline among others, is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, like octreotide.

Lanreotide

Clinical data
Trade names	Somatuline
Other names	Lanreotide acetate (JAN JP), Lanreotide acetate (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
License data	US DailyMed: Lanreotide US FDA: Lanreotide
Pregnancy category	AU: C
Routes of administration	Intramuscular, subcutaneous
ATC code	H01CB03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only)[1] UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Approximately 80%
Protein binding	78%
Metabolism	In GI tract
Elimination half-life	2 hours (immediate release) 5 days (sustained release)
Excretion	Mostly bile duct
Identifiers
IUPAC name 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanyl-L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosyl-D-tryptophyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-cysteinyl-L-threoninamide (2->7)-disulfide
CAS Number	108736-35-2 N
PubChem CID	71349
IUPHAR/BPS	2031
DrugBank	DB06791
ChemSpider	64450 Y
UNII	0G3DE8943Y
KEGG	D04666
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201185 N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID60897514
ECHA InfoCard	100.215.992
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C54H69N11O10S2
Molar mass	1096.33 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)CCCCN)Cc2c[nH]c3c2cccc3)Cc4ccc(cc4)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](Cc5ccc6ccccc6c5)N)O
InChI InChI=1S/C54H69N11O10S2/c1-29(2)45-54(75)63-44(53(74)65-46(30(3)66)47(57)68)28-77-76-27-43(62-48(69)38(56)23-32-15-18-33-10-4-5-11-34(33)22-32)52(73)60-41(24-31-16-19-36(67)20-17-31)50(71)61-42(25-35-26-58-39-13-7-6-12-37(35)39)51(72)59-40(49(70)64-45)14-8-9-21-55/h4-7,10-13,15-20,22,26,29-30,38,40-46,58,66-67H,8-9,14,21,23-25,27-28,55-56H2,1-3H3,(H2,57,68)(H,59,72)(H,60,73)(H,61,71)(H,62,69)(H,63,75)(H,64,70)(H,65,74)/t30-,38-,40+,41+,42-,43+,44+,45+,46+/m1/s1 N Key:PUDHBTGHUJUUFI-SCTWWAJVSA-N N
NY (what is this?)  (verify)

Lanreotide (as lanreotide acetate) is manufactured by Ipsen. It is available in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and was approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 30, 2007.^[2]

Medical uses

Lanreotide is used in the treatment of acromegaly, due to both pituitary and non-pituitary growth hormone-secreting tumors, and the management of symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, particularly carcinoid tumors and VIPomas. In the United States and Canada, lanreotide is only indicated for the treatment of acromegaly. In the United Kingdom, it is also indicated in the treatment of thyrotrophic adenoma,^[3] a rare tumor of the pituitary gland which secretes TSH.

Lanreotide also shows activity against non-endocrine tumors, and, along with other somatostatin analogues, is being studied as a possible general antitumor agent.^[4][5]

In December 2014, the US FDA approved lanreotide for the treatment of people with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).^[6]

It is used for polycystic liver disease.^{[medical citation needed]} It has also been shown that it reduces the volume by 264mls on average.^{[medical citation needed]}

Side effects

The main side effects of lanreotide treatment are mild to moderate pain at the injection site and gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Isolated cases of gallstone formation have been associated with use of lanreotide, particularly over long periods of time.^[3]

Pharmacology

Lanreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, a naturally occurring inhibitory hormone which blocks the release of several other hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin and glucagon. Lanreotide binds to the same receptors as somatostatin, although with higher affinity to peripheral receptors, and has similar activity. However, while somatostatin is quickly broken down in the body (within minutes),^[7] lanreotide has a much longer half-life, and produces far more prolonged effects.^{[medical citation needed]}

Formulations

Lanreotide is available in two formulations: a sustained release formulation (sold under the trade name 'Somatuline LA'), which is injected intramuscularly every ten or fourteen days,^[3] and an extended release formulation (UK trade name 'Somatuline Autogel', or 'Somatuline Depot' in the US), which is administered subcutaneously once a month.^[8]

Self-assembling properties

Lanreotide has been shown to spontaneously self-assemble into monodisperse nanotubes of 24.4 nm diameter^[9] and has been thereafter used as a fruitful and versatile model system in several biophysical studies.^{[citation needed]}

References

1. "Mytolac (Amdipharm Mercury Australia Pty Ltd)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 28 September 2022. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
2. "FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Rare Disease, Acromegaly" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2007.
3. "Somatuline LA". electronic Medicines Compendium. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 24 September 2006. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
4. Kvols L, Woltering E (2006). "Role of somatostatin analogs in the clinical management of non-neuroendocrine solid tumors". Anticancer Drugs. 17 (6): 601–8. doi:10.1097/01.cad.0000210335.95828.ed. PMID 16917205.
5. Susini C, Buscail L (2006). "Rationale for the use of somatostatin analogs as antitumor agents". Ann Oncol. 17 (12): 1733–42. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl105. PMID 16801334.
6. "FDA Approves Lanreotide Injection for GEP-NETs". 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
7. Rens-Domiano S, Reisine T (1992). "Biochemical and functional properties of somatostatin receptors". J Neurochem. 58 (6): 1987–96. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10938.x. PMID 1315373. S2CID 36873846.
8. "Somatuline Autogel". electronic Medicines Compendium. 12 April 2007. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 19 April 2007.
9. Valéry C, Paternostre M, Robert B, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Narayanan T, Dedieu JC, Keller G, Torres ML, Cherif-Cheikh R, Calvo P, Artzner F (2003). "Biomimetic organization: Octapeptide self-assembly into nanotubes of viral capsid-like dimension". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (18): 10258–62. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10010258V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1730609100. PMC 193548. PMID 12930900.