Landaulet (car)

A landaulet, also known as a landaulette, is a car body style where the rear passengers are covered by a convertible top.^[1][2][3] Often the driver is separated from the rear passengers by a division,^[4] as with a limousine.

1966 Rolls-Royce Phantom V State Landaulet

1934 Austin 12/4 taxicab

During the first half of the 20th century, taxicabs were often landaulets, with models such as the Austin 12/4 and the Checker Model G and early Checker Model A being a common sight in larger cities.

Around the middle of the 20th century landaulets were built for public figures such as heads of state to use for formal processions or parades when they wished to be more visible to large crowds. Open cars are now less frequently used, due to security concerns.

History

A landaulet carriage with its roof closed

Main article: Landaulet (carriage)

The car body style is derived from the horse-drawn carriage of similar style that was a cut-down (coupé) version of a landau.

In British English, the term landaulet is used specifically for horse-drawn carriages, and landaulette is used when referring to motor vehicles.^[5]

Like many other car body styles landaulets continued from horse-drawn carriages to automobiles.^[6][3][7] The condition of the driver's section may range from having no weather protection at all, as was often the case with early landaulets,^{[6][8][dubious – discuss]} to being fully enclosed.^[9]

20th century

• 
  1904 Panhard et Levassor 8 hp
• 
  1910 Croxton-Keeton taxi cab
• 
  1915 Brewster & Co. town landaulet

• 
  1929 Steyr 19 Type XX
• 
  1930 Cadillac V16
• 
  1937 Duesenberg Model J by Bohmann & Schwartz

New landaulet cars became rare in the 1930s

After WWII landaulets were unfashionable and built only as parade cars for heads of state. Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, and Pope Benedict XVI used landaulets based on Mercedes-Benz automobiles but after 1970 seemed to generally prefer modified military or commercial vehicles for the same job. Landaulet cars give occupants no protection from assassins.

• 
  1960 Lancia Flaminia Presidenziale, a State car for the president of the Italian Republic
• 
  Queen Elizabeth II in a Mercedes 600 landaulet in Duisburg, Germany, 1965
• 
  1997 Mercedes-Benz S500 landaulet used by the Pope

21st century 'concept cars'

In 2011, a Lexus LS 600h L landaulet was created for use at the wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Charlene Wittstock.^[10] The car was used to transport the couple on the day of their wedding, and afterwards put on display at the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco.^[10]

The Peugeot 607 Paladine is a one-off landaulet version of the Peugeot 607. It was built as a concept car and presented in March 2000 at the Geneva Motor Show. The car was first used seven years later by Nicolas Sarkozy for his inauguration as president of France in May 2007.

The Maybach division of Daimler AG showed a Maybach 62 S landaulet concept car at the Middle East International Auto Show in November 2007.^[11] They added the landaulet to their 2009 model line.^[12]

Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet was introduced as the first SUV under the sub-brand name Mercedes-Maybach at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2017 with production limited to 99 units.^[13]

• 
  Peugeot 607 Paladine
• 
  Maybach 62 landaulet
• 
  Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet

See also

• Landau (automobile)
• Landau (carriage)
• Town car – the opposite with front seats open and the rear compartment closed

Notes

1. Georgano 1971, p. 216
2. Clough 1913, p. 185
3. Merriam-Webster 1991, pp. 358–359.
4. Clough 1913, p. 185.
5. landaulet, n. Oxford English Dictionary online accessed 4 February 2018
6. Haajanen 2003, p. 92.
7. References:

   • Clough 1913, p. 185
   • Georgano 1971, p. 216
   • Merriam-Webster 1991, pp. 358–359
   • Society of Automobile Engineers 1916
   • Stein 1975, p. 753
8. Society of Automobile Engineers 1916.
9. References:

   • Georgano 1971, p. 216
   • Merriam-Webster 1991, p. 358
   • Stein 1975, p. 753
10. Ewing, Steven (24 June 2011). "Lexus LS 600h L Landaulet for Monaco Royal Wedding blows our minds". Autoblog. Retrieved 7 September 2011. Duchatelet
11. Car Body Design 2007.
12. Left Lane News 2008.
13. "The new Mercedes-Maybach G 650 Landaulet, Strictly Limited: an open-air luxury both on and off road". Mercedes-Benz. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2020.

References

• Clough, Albert L. (1913). A dictionary of automobile terms. The Horseless Age Company. LCCN 13003001. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
• Georgano, G. N., ed. (1971). "Glossary". Encyclopedia of American Automobiles. New York, NY USA: E. P. Dutton. pp. 215–217. ISBN 0-525-097929. LCCN 79147885. Landaulet (or landaulette). A closed car, the rear portion of which could be opened in fine weather.
• Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Illustrations by Bertil Nydén. Jefferson, NC USA: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. LCCN 2002014546.
• Left Lane News, Staff of (2008-10-10). "Left Lane News: 2009 Maybach 62S Landaulet". leftlanenews.com/ Left Lane. Left Lane News. Archived from the original on 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2008-10-19. Daimler added the Maybach Landaulet – an open-top version of its Maybach 62 S – to its lineup for 2009.
• Line22 SRL, Staff of (8 November 2007). "Maybach Landaulet Study". carbodydesign.com/ Car Body Design. Rome, Italy: Line22 SRL. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2012-06-02. Maybach has revealed the Landaulet Study, an exclusive one-off based on the Maybach 62 S that revives the classic landaulet theme, with a soft top for the passengers compartment.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
• Merriam-Webster, Staff of (January 1991). "P". The Merriam-Webster new book of word histories. Springfield, MA US: Merriam-Webster. pp. 358–359. ISBN 978-0-87779-603-9. LCCN 91029965. Retrieved 2012-06-02. The motor landaulet was essentially an enclosed sedan or coupe with a folding top at the extreme rear quarter, over the rear seat.
• Society of Automobile Engineers, Nomenclature Division (August 20, 1916). "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined" (pdf). The New York Times. New York, NY USA. Nomenclature Division, Society of Automobile Engineers. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Retrieved 2012-05-31. Landaulet—a closed car with folding top, seats for three or more inside, and driver's seat outside.
• Stein, Jess, ed. (1975) [1968]. The Random House College Dictionary (Revised ed.). New York, NY USA: Random House. p. 753. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. landaulet, n. an automobile having a convertible top for the back seat, with the front seat either roofed or open.
• Taylor, Alex III (28 November 2011). "Mercedes puts Maybach out of its misery". CNN Money. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014.