Hwlitsum

The Hwlitsum or Lamalchi or Lamalcha are an Indigenous people whose traditional territories were in the Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. Their traditional villages were on Canoe Pass, which is known in their language as Hwlitsum, and on Kuper Island (called by them Lamalchi, another spelling of their name,) Saltspring Island and Galiano Island.

The Lamalcha War

On 20 April 1863, a shelling of their village on Kuper Island by the Royal Navy's HMS Forward led to a series of events known as the Lamalcha War or Lamalchi Affair. The reason for the shelling was the authorities of the Colony of Vancouver Island believed the village was sheltering men suspected of murdering three white men. After a prolonged firefight, resulting in the killing of one British sailor, the Forward retreated. While some say this episode was the only tactical defeat of the Royal Navy in the era following the Crimean War to the opening of the 20th Century, the Forward returned the next day to destroy the then-abandoned village.^[1] During the war the escaped Lamalcha evaded capture by various other Royal Navy warships, including HMS Satellite, until the seven suspects were captured and brought to Esquimalt.

Eventually four Lamalcha were hung for murder in Victoria and the Lamalcha village confiscated; that area is now home to the Penelakut and Kuper Island's Indian reserves are governed by the Penelakut First Nation.

A detailed account of the events leading to the Lamalcha War is provided by Chris Arnett in "Terror of the Coast - Land Alienation and on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands 1849 -1863.”

Political organization

Main article: Hwlitsum First Nation

Contemporary landclaim

In 2014 elders of the group filed a land claim in the BC Supreme Courts for large pieces of Stanley Park, Galiano Island and Saltspring Island, overlapping with claims of the Squamish and Musqueam Nations and others (this is common throughout BC).^[2][3] Currently the Hwlitsum Band is not yet recognized under the federal Indian Act.

A letter of support for their cause was sent to the federal and provincial governments in 2007 by the Union of BC Indian Chiefs.^[4]

References

1. Francis, Daniel. "Voices from the Past". Daniel Francis: Reading the National Narrative. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
2. Hume, Mark (9 December 2014). "Native group lays claim to Stanley Park, Galiano and Saltspring Islands". The Globe and Mail.
3. "New land claim seeks massive territory on B.C.'s South Coast, including Stanley Park: Tiny, unrecognized Hwlitsum First Nation launches 'novel' lawsuit, Jeff Lee, Vancouver Sun, 2 November 2014". Archived from the original on 2 February 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
4. "UBCIC Supports Consultation with Hwlitsum First Nation Prior to Ratification of Tsawwassen Treaty, open letter to Government of Canada and Government of British Columbia, UBCIC website, March 27, 2007". Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2014.

Further reading

• Arnett, C. (1999) Terror of the Coast - Land Alienation and on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands 1849 -186. Talon Books, Burnaby, BC.