Lalage (bird)

Lalage is a genus of passerine birds belonging to the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae, many of which are commonly known as trillers. There are about 20 species which occur in southern Asia and Australasia with a number of species on Pacific islands. They feed mainly on insects and fruit. They build a neat cup-shaped nest high in a tree.

Lalage
Male pied triller (Lalage nigra)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Campephagidae
Genus:	Lalage F. Boie, 1826
Type species
Turdus orientalis[1] Gmelin, JF, 1788

They are fairly small birds, about 15 to 20 cm long. They are mainly black, grey and white in colour.

Most species are fairly common but the Samoan triller is considered to be near threatened and the Norfolk Island subspecies of the long-tailed triller has become extinct.

Taxonomy

The genus Lalage was introduced in 1826 by the German zoologist Friedrich Boie to accommodate a single species, Turdus orientalis Gmelin, JF, 1788, a junior synonym of Turdus niger Pennant, 1781, the pied triller.^[2][3][4] The genus name is from Ancient Greek lagages, an unidentified bird mentioned by the Greek lexicographer Hesychius of Alexandria.^[5]

The genus now includes six species that were formerly assigned to the genus Coracina. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2010 found that the species form part of the clade that contain members of the genus Lalage.^[6][7]

The genus contains 20 species:^[7][8]

• Black-and-white triller, Lalage melanoleuca
• Pied triller, Lalage nigra
• White-rumped triller, Lalage leucopygialis
• White-shouldered triller, Lalage sueurii
• White-winged triller, Lalage tricolor
• Rufous-bellied triller, Lalage aurea
• White-browed triller, Lalage moesta
• Black-browed triller, Lalage atrovirens
• Biak triller, Lalage leucoptera
• Varied triller, Lalage leucomela
• Mussau triller, Lalage conjuncta
• Polynesian triller, Lalage maculosa
• Samoan triller, Lalage sharpei
• Long-tailed triller, Lalage leucopyga
  • Norfolk triller, Lalage leucopyga leucopyga
• Black-winged cuckooshrike, Lalage melaschistos
• Black-headed cuckooshrike, Lalage melanoptera
• Indochinese cuckooshrike, Lalage polioptera
• Lesser cuckooshrike, Lalage fimbriata
• Mauritius cuckooshrike, Lalage typica
• Reunion cuckooshrike, Lalage newtoni

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Lalage:

• Buff-bellied monarch (as L. banksiana)^[9]
• Black-throated shrikebill (as L. nigrogularis)^[10]

References

1. "Campephagidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
2. Boie, Friedrich (1826). "Generalübersicht der ornithologischen Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen". Isis von Oken (in German). 19. Cols 969–981 [973].
3. Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 196.
4. Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
5. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
6. Jønsson, K.A.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Nylander, J.A.A.; Christidis, L.; Norman, J.A.; Fjeldså, J. (2010). "Biogeographical history of cuckoo-shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes): transoceanic colonization of Africa from Australo-Papua". Journal of Biogeography. 37 (9): 1767–1781. Bibcode:2010JBiog..37.1767J. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02328.x. S2CID 52105369.
7. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Bristlehead, butcherbirds, woodswallows, Mottled Berryhunter, ioras, cuckooshrikes". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
8. "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-06-04.
9. "Neolalage banksiana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
10. "Clytorhynchus nigrogularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.

• Perrins, Christopher, ed. (2004) The New Encyclopedia of Birds, Oxford University Press, Oxford.