Kowloon Peninsula

The Kowloon Peninsula is a peninsula that forms the southern part of the main landmass in the territory of Hong Kong, alongside Victoria Harbour and facing toward Hong Kong Island. The Kowloon Peninsula and the area of New Kowloon are collectively known as Kowloon.

Kowloon Peninsula 九龍半島
An aerial view of Kowloon Peninsula from Hong Kong Island in 2006
Coordinates: 22.31°N 114.18°E / 22.31; 114.18
Time zone	UTC+8 (Hong Kong Time)

Kowloon Peninsula
Traditional Chinese	九龍半島
Simplified Chinese	九龙半岛
Transcriptions Hakka Romanization Giu3lung2 Ban4Dau3 Yue: Cantonese Jyutping gau2lung4 bun3dou2 IPA [kɐ̌ulʊ̏ŋ pʊ̄ntǒu]

Military encampments on Kowloon Peninsula in 1860, looking south toward Hong Kong Island.

Geographically, the term "Kowloon Peninsula" may also refer to the area south of the mountain ranges of Beacon Hill, Lion Rock, Tate's Cairn, Kowloon Peak, etc. The peninsula covers five of the eighteen districts of Hong Kong. Kowloon Bay is located at the northeast of the peninsula.

Geology and reclamation

The main rock type of the peninsula consists of a medium grained monzogranite with some fine granite outcrops, part of the Kowloon Granite.^[1][2] Early maps and photographs show flat, low-lying land behind the beach of Tsim Sha Tsui Bay with a raised area, Kowloon Hill, in the west.^[3]

The peninsula has been significantly expanded through land reclamation from the sea, over several phases. In the south and west most of the reclamation was carried out before 1904. Reclamation in several other small areas along the main Tsim Sha Tsui waterfront was completed by 1982. Since 1994, parts of the Hung Hom Bay were reclaimed and by 2019, it had been completely extinguished. The West Kowloon Reclamation was formed as part of the Airport Core Programme and largely completed by 1995.^[3]

History

Before the actual Kowloon boundaries were established, the Kowloon Peninsula served as one of the first destinations for escape during China's dynastic times. In 1287, the last emperor of the Song dynasty, Emperor Bing was fleeing from the Mongol leader Kublai Khan. Taking refuge in a cave in the Kowloon peninsula, the inscription wrote "Sung Wong Toi" or "Song Emperor's Pavilion".^[4] In the 17th century, after the fall of the Ming dynasty, many of the Emperor's followers also found shelter in the Kowloon peninsula to hide from the Manchus.^[4]

Historically speaking, Kowloon Peninsula refers to the ceded territories of Kowloon in 1860 as part of the Convention of Peking, but geographically it covers the entire Kowloon south of the mountain ranges of Lion Rock, Kowloon Peak and other hills. Kowloon Peninsula had a population of 800 when it was ceded to the British Empire in 1860.^[5]

In 1898 a resolution was passed by the Colonial Hong Kong Legislative Council to preserve the land where some of the caves stand.^[6]

An Air France Boeing 747 passing above Kowloon, landing at the old airport.

Hong Kong's old airport, Kai Tak, was located in Kowloon.

City landscape

A view of Kowloon Peninsula taken from Hong Kong Island.

See also

• Boundary Street
• Kowloon
• List of islands and peninsulas of Hong Kong
• List of places in Hong Kong
• New Kowloon

References

1. "CEDD – Kowloon Granite – Klk". Government of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
2. Geological Map, Sheet 11, Hong Kong and Kowloon (1:20,000), Hong Kong Geological Survey
3. "– Environmental Impact Assessment – Land Contamination Assessment, 10.2.1 Geology Information". Archived from the original on 7 January 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
4. Warres, Smith D. [1990] (1990). European Settlements in the Far East: China, Japan, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malaysia. Stanford University Press. No ISBN Digitized
5. Mayers, William Frederick; King, Charles (1867). The treaty ports of China and Japan: A complete guide to the open ports of those countries, together with Peking, Yedo, Hongkong and Macao. Forming a guide book & vade mecum for travellers, merchants, and residents in general. Trübner and Co. p. 17.
6. "15TH AUGUST, 1898" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2012.