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Uncrewed flight of the Soyuz programme From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kosmos 133 (Russian: Космос 133, meaning "Kosmos 133"), Soyuz 7K-OK No.2, was the first uncrewed test flight of the Soyuz spacecraft, and first mission of the Soyuz programme, as part of the Soviet space programme.
![]() Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft with an active docking unit. | |
Mission type | Test Flight |
---|---|
Operator | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
COSPAR ID | 1966-107A |
SATCAT no. | 02601 |
Mission duration | 1 day, 23 hours and 19 minutes |
Spacecraft properties | |
Spacecraft | Soyuz 7K-OK No.2 |
Spacecraft type | Soyuz 7K-OK |
Manufacturer | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
Launch mass | 6450 kg[1] |
Landing mass | 2500 kg |
Dimensions | 7.13 m long 2.72 m wide |
Start of mission | |
Launch date | 28 November 1966 11:02:00 GMT[2] |
Rocket | Soyuz 11A511 s/n U15000-02 |
Launch site | Baikonour, Site 31/6 |
Contractor | Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-1) |
End of mission | |
Disposal | Exploded: on the self-destruct command of ground |
Landing date | 30 November 1966, 10:21 GMT (exploded) |
Landing site | Kazakh Steppe of Kazakhstan (planned) |
Orbital parameters | |
Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
Regime | Low Earth orbit |
Perigee altitude | 171.0 km |
Apogee altitude | 223.0 km |
Inclination | 51.9° |
Period | 88.4 minutes |
Launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard the maiden flight of the Soyuz 11A511 s/n U15000-02 launch vehicle.[3] Kosmos 133 was planned "all up" test, to include an automated docking with a second Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz 7K-OK No.1), which was scheduled for launch the day after Kosmos 133.
Kosmos 133 was operated in a low Earth orbit, on 28 November 1966, it had a perigee of 171.0 km (106.3 mi), an apogee of 223.0 km (138.6 mi), an inclination of 51.9°, and an orbital period of 88.4 minutes.[2]
Problems found during ground testing of the second spacecraft resulted in its launch being delayed, and it was destroyed when its launch vehicle exploded on its launch pad following a scrubbed launch attempt in December 1966. Before this, the attitude control system (ACS) of Kosmos 133 malfunctioned, resulting in rapid consumption of orientation fuel, leaving it spinning at 2 rpm. After large efforts by ground control and 5 attempts at retrofire over two days, the craft was finally coming down for a landing. Due to the inaccuracy of the reentry burn, it was determined that the capsule would land in China. The self-destruct command was given and the satellite exploded 30 November 1966 at 10:21 GMT.[1]
The fireball passed over west Japan and was recorded by photos and a sketch. Kōichirō Tomita identified that it was the Kosmos 133 spacecraft (30 November 1966).[4]
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