Kijong-dong

Kijŏng-dong, Kijŏngdong, Kijŏng tong or Kaepoong is a Potemkin village in P'yŏnghwa-ri (Korean: 평화리; Hancha: 平和里),^[1] Panmun-guyok,^[a] Kaesong Special City, North Korea. It is situated in the North's half of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).^[2] Also known in North Korea as Peace Village (Korean: 평화촌; Hancha: 平和村; MR: p'yŏnghwach'on),^[3] it has been widely referred to as 'Propaganda Village' (Korean: 선전마을; Hanja: 宣傳마을; RR: seonjeon maeul) by those outside North Korea, especially in South Korean and Western media.^{[4][5][6][7][2]}

Kijong-dong 기정동 機井洞
The Panmunjom flagpole, flying the flag of North Korea.
Nicknames:  Peace Village Propaganda Village
Kijong-dong Location in North Korea
Coordinates: 37.9453°N 126.6556°E / 37.9453; 126.6556
Country	North Korea
Special city	Kaesŏng-T'ŭkpyŏlsi
Ward	P'anmun-guyŏk
ri	P'yŏnghwa-ri

Kijŏng-dong is one of two villages permitted to remain in the 4 km (2.5 mi) wide DMZ set up under the 1953 armistice during the Korean War;^[6][8] the other is the South Korean village of Daeseong-dong,^[8] 2.22 kilometers (1.38 mi) away.

History

The Panmunjom flagpole, the world's seventh-tallest, 160 m (525 ft) in height, flying a 270 kg (595 lb) flag of North Korea over Kijŏng-dong, near Panmunjom.

View of Kijŏng-dong

The North Korean government says the village contains a 200-family collective farm, serviced by a child care center, kindergarten, primary and secondary schools, and a hospital.^[9] However, it is actually an uninhabited settlement built in the 1950s as part of a propaganda campaign to encourage South Korean defection. Some parts are used to garrison Korean People's Army soldiers manning a network of artillery positions, fortifications and underground marshalling bunkers along this part of the DMZ.^{[2][3][10][11]}

The village features a number of brightly painted, poured-concrete multi-story buildings. Its layout is oriented so that the buildings' bright blue roofs and multi-colored walls beneath Kijong-dong's massive DPRK flag and flagpole, can be clearly seen from the South Korean border. Windows are either left unglazed or just painted onto exterior walls. Electrical lights on timers periodically turn on and off in some buildings.^[12] The buildings are concrete shells that are maintained by caretakers in an effort to preserve the illusion of activity.^[10][13][14]

Flagpole

In the 1980s, the South Korean government built a 100 m (328 ft) tall flagpole with a 130-kilogram (287 lb) flag of South Korea in Daeseong-dong^[10] (37°56′30.24″N 126°40′48.07″E).

The North Korean government responded by building an even taller one, the Panmunjom flagpole, at 160 m (525 ft) with a 270 kg (595 lb) flag of North Korea in Kijŏng-dong, 1.2 km (0.7 mi) across the demarcation line from South Korea (37°56′42.99″N 126°39′18.78″E), in what some have called the "flagpole war". For over a decade, the flagpole was the tallest in the world.^[10] In 2010, the flagpole became the second-tallest flagpole in the world at the time, after the National Flag Square in Baku, Azerbaijan, at 162 m (531 ft).^[10][15][16] It is now the ninth-tallest flagpole in the world, and the tallest supported one.

Propaganda loudspeakers

Main article: Korean Demilitarized Zone loudspeakers

Massive loudspeakers mounted on several of the buildings deliver DPRK propaganda broadcasts directed towards the South.^[10] Originally, the content extolled the North's virtues in great detail and urged disgruntled soldiers and farmers simply to walk across the border to be received as brothers.^[17] As its value in inducing defections diminished over time, particularly as South Korea caught up with the North economically in the 1960s and 1970s,^[18] the content was switched to condemnatory anti-Western speeches, agitprop operas, and patriotic marching music for up to 20 hours a day.^[17] For a period from 2004 to 2016, both North and South agreed to end their loudspeaker broadcasts at each other.^[19] The broadcasts resumed after escalating tensions as a result of the January 2016 nuclear test.^[20] On 23 April 2018, both North and South Korea officially cancelled their border propaganda broadcasts.^[21]

Notes

1. P'yŏnghwa-ri belonged to P'anmun-gun (Korean: 판문군; Hancha: 板門郡) until the creation of Kaesong Industrial Region in November 2002, when P'anmun-gun was dissolved and its territory divided among Kaesong, Changp'ung-gun and Kaep'ung-gun, P'yŏnghwa-ri joined Kaesong. in April 2020, P'yŏnghwa-ri incorporated with Panmun-guyok.