Kiev-class aircraft carrier

This article is about the Kiev-class aircraft carriers. For the lead ship of the class, see Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev. For other classes of ships, see Kiev class. For other ships, see Kiev (ship).

The Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.^[1]

Novorossiysk in 1986
Class overview
Name	Kiev class
Builders	Chernomorsky Shipyard 444
Operators	Soviet Navy  Russian Navy  Indian Navy
Preceded by	Moskva class
Succeeded by	Kuznetsov class (Russian Navy) Vikrant class (Indian Navy)
Subclasses	Baku class
Built	1970–1987
In service	1975–1996 2013–present
Completed	4
Active	1
Preserved	2
General characteristics
Type	Aircraft cruiser/Aircraft carrier
Displacement	42,000–45,000 tons full load
Length	273 m (895 ft 8 in)
Beam	53 m (173 ft 11 in) o/a 31 m (101 ft 8 in) w/l
Draught	10 m (32 ft 10 in)
Propulsion	8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW)), four shafts
Speed	32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Complement	1,200 to 1,600
Armament	See article for variations 80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles 2 dual-purpose guns 8 close-in weapons systems 10 torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried	Up to 30, including: 12 × Yak-38 aircraft 16 × helicopters
Aviation facilities	Abbreviated angled aft flight deck

History

Laid down in 1970, the lead ship of the class, Kiev, was partially based on a design for a full-deck aircraft carrier proposed in Project Orel. Originally, the Soviet Navy wanted a supercarrier similar to the American Kitty Hawk class, but the smaller Kiev-class design was chosen because it was considered more cost-effective.

Unlike most NATO aircraft carriers, such as U.S. or most British ones, the Kiev class is a combination of both a cruiser and an aircraft carrier.^[2][3] In the Soviet Navy, this class of ships was specifically designated as a "heavy aviation cruiser" (Russian: Тяжелые авианесущие крейсера) rather than solely as an aircraft carrier.^[2] As these were not true aircraft carriers, they were permitted to transit the Turkish Straits; the 1936 Montreux Convention prohibited aircraft carriers heavier than 15,000 tons from passing through.

The ships were designed with a large island superstructure to starboard, with an angled flight-deck two-thirds of the length of the total deck; the foredeck was taken up with heavy surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile armament. The intended mission of the Kiev class was support for ballistic missile submarines, other surface ships, and naval aviation; it was capable of engaging in anti-aircraft, anti-submarine, and surface warfare.^[2]

The Soviet Union built and commissioned a total of four Kiev-class carriers, which served in the Soviet and then the Russian navies.^[2] The first two ships were sold to China as museum ships, and the third ship was scrapped. The fourth ship, Admiral Gorshkov, was sold to the Indian Navy in 2004, and after years of extensive modifications and refurbishment, is in active service as INS Vikramaditya.^[4]

General characteristics

• Designer: Nevskoye Planning and Design Bureau
• Builder: Nikolayev South (formerly Chernomorsky Shipyard 444) ^[2][3]
• Power plant: eight turbopressurized boilers, four steam turbines (200,000 shp), four shafts
• Length: 273 m (896 ft) overall [283 m (928 ft) for Baku subgroup]
• Flight deck width: 53 m (174 ft)
• Beam: 32.6 m (107 ft)
• Displacement: 43,000–45,500 metric tons full load
• Speed: 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
• Aircraft: 26–30
  • 12–13 Yak-38 VSTOL
  • 14–17 Ka-25 or Ka-27/29 helicopters
• Crew: 1,200–1,600 (including air wing)
• Armament:
  • Kiev and Minsk:
    • 4 × twin P-500 Bazalt SSM launchers (8 missiles)
    • 2 × twin M-11 Shtorm SAM launchers (72 missiles)
    • 2 × twin 9K33 Osa launchers (40 missiles)
    • 2 × AK-726 twin 76.2 mm AA guns
    • 8 × AK-630 30 mm close-in weapon system (CIWS)
    • 10 × 21" torpedo tubes
    • 1 × twin SUW-N-1 FRAS Anti-Submarine Rocket launcher
  • Novorossiysk:
    • 4 × twin P-500 Bazalt SSM launchers (8 missiles)
    • 2 × twin M-11 Shtorm SAM launchers (72 missiles)
    • 2 × AK-726 twin 76.2 mm AA guns
    • 8 × AK-630 30 mm CIWS
    • 1 × twin SUW-N-1 FRAS antisubmarine rocket launcher
  • Baku:
    • 6 × twin P-500 Bazalt SSM launchers (12 missiles)
    • 24 × 8-cell 9K330 Tor vertical SAM launchers (192 missiles)
    • 2 × 100 mm guns
    • 8 × AK-630 30 mm CIWS
    • 10 × 21" torpedo tubes
    • 2 × RBU-6000 antisubmarine rocket launchers
• Date deployed: ^[2]
  • 1975 (Kiev)
  • 1978 (Minsk)
  • 1982 (Novorossiysk)
  • 1987 (Baku)

Ships

Name	Project No.	Namesake	Builder	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fate
Kiev	1143	City of Kiev, Ukrainian SSR	Soviet Shipyard No. 444, Nikolayev, Ukrainian SSR	21 July 1970	26 December 1972	28 December 1975	Sold to a Chinese company in 1996, converted into a theme park in Tianjin since 2004. Further renovated and developed into a luxury hotel since 2014.
Minsk	1143	City of Minsk, Byelorussian SSR		28 December 1972	30 September 1975	27 September 1978	Sold to China as a museum, placed in naval museum in Jiangsu since 2016. Caught fire on 16 August 2024 future uncertain.
Novorossiysk	11433/1143M	City of Novorossiysk, Russian SFSR		30 September 1975	26 December 1978	14 September 1982	Broken up at Pohang, South Korea, in 1997
Baku subclass
Admiral Gorshkov (ex-Baku)	11434	Sergey Georgiyevich Gorshkov	Soviet Shipyard No. 444, Nikolayev, Ukrainian SSR	17 February 1978	1 April 1982	11 December 1987	Sold to India in 2004, in service as INS Vikramaditya

See also

• Flight deck cruiser
• List of ships of the Soviet Navy
• List of aircraft carriers of Russia and the Soviet Union
• List of ships of Russia by project number