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Syrian archaeologist and head of antiquities of Palmyra From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Khaled Mohamad al-Asaad (Arabic: خالد الأسعد, Arabic pronunciation: [ɐlʔæsʕæd], January 1932 – 18 August 2015) was a Syrian archaeologist and the head of antiquities at the ancient city of Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He held this position for over forty years.[6] Al-Asaad was publicly beheaded by the Islamic State on 18 August 2015, at the age of 83.[6]
Khaled al-Asaad | |
|---|---|
Khaled al-Asaad in 2002 | |
| Born | Khaled Mohamad al-Asaad 1 January 1932[1] |
| Died | 18 August 2015 (aged 83) Palmyra, Syria |
| Cause of death | Murder by beheading |
| Alma mater | Damascus University |
| Occupation | Archaeologist |
| Known for | Head of antiquities in Palmyra |
| Honours |
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Al-Asaad was born in 1932 in Palmyra, where he spent most of his life.[7] He held a diploma in history and was educated at Damascus University.[8] Al-Asaad was the father of six sons and five daughters, one of whom was named Zenobia after the well-known queen.[8]
During his career, al-Asaad excavated and restored ancient Palmyra. He became the principal custodian of the Palmyra site in 1963, a position he held for forty years.[9] His expeditions focused on the late third-century ramparts of Palmyra[10] and worked with American, Polish, German, French, and Swiss archaeological missions. His achievement is the elevation of Palmyra to a World Heritage Site.[8] He was also fluent in Aramaic and regularly translated texts until 2011.[6]
From 1974 onward, Al-Asaad organised exhibitions of Palmyran antiques.[11]
When he retired in 2003, his son Walid took over his work at Palmyra. They both were reportedly detained by the Islamic State in August 2015 – Walid survived.[12][13]
It is believed that he joined the Syrian Socialist Ba'ath Party around 1954.[8] However, it is unclear whether he was an active supporter of the Syrian government of Bashar al-Assad.[13] According to The Economist, some have claimed he was a "staunch supporter" of Assad.[14]
In May 2015, modern Palmyra and the adjacent ancient city came under the control of the Islamic State. Al-Asaad helped evacuate the city museum prior to the Islamic State's takeover,[8] but was himself captured by the terrorist organisation. The Islamic State then tortured al-Asaad in an attempt to discover the location of the ancient artifacts that he helped hide.[15][16] He was murdered in Palmyra on 18 August 2015 at the age of eighty-three.[17]
The New York Times reported:
After detaining him for weeks, the jihadists dragged him on Tuesday to a public square where a masked swordsman cut off his head in front of a crowd, Mr. Asaad's relatives said. His blood-soaked body was then suspended with red twine by its wrists from a traffic light, his head resting on the ground between his feet, his glasses still on, according to a photo distributed on social media by Islamic State supporters.[18]
Following al-Asaad's death, the Islamic State hanged a placard on his corpse listing his alleged "crimes": being an "apostate", representing Syria at "infidel conferences", serving as "the director of idolatry" in Palmyra, visiting "Heretic Iran", and communicating with "a brother in the Syrian security services".[18]
His body was reportedly displayed in the new section of Palmyra (Tadmur) and then in the ancient section, the treasures of which the Islamic State had already demolished.[16][18][19][20][21]
In February 2021, Syrian state sources reported the discovery of al-Asaad's body in the countryside 10 km east of Palmyra.[22]
Along with al-Asaad, Qassem Abdullah Yehya, the deputy director of the DGAM Laboratories, also protected the Palmyra site, and was murdered by the Islamic State while on duty on 12 August 2015. He was thirty-seven years old.[23]
Poland – Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1998)[32]
Italy – On 17 October 2015, the President of Italy inaugurated the rehabilitated Arsenali della Repubblica [it] in Pisa which was renamed after al-Asaad.[33]Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
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