Kedaragaula

Kedaragaula (pronounced kēdāragaula) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale) from the 28th melakarta scale Harikambhoji, and is sometimes spelled as Kedaragowla. It is a janya scale, as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes) in the ascending scale. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale Madhyamavati and the sampurna raga scale Harikambhoji.^[1] It is a morning rāgam.^[1][2]

Kedaragaula

Arohanam	S R₂ M₁ P N₂ Ṡ
Avarohanam	Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S

Structure and Lakshana

Ascending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Madhyamavati scale

Descending scale with shadjam at C, which is same as Harikambhoji scale

Kedaragaula is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain gandharam and dhaivatam in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).^[1][2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

• ārohaṇa : S R₂ M₁ P N₂ Ṡ^[a]
• avarohaṇa : Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S^[b]

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam and kaisiki nishadham in ascending scale, with chatusruti dhaivatam and antara gandharam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

Popular Compositions

There are many compositions set to Kedaragaula Raga. Here are some popular kritis composed in this Raga.

• Tulasi Bilva Mallikadi, O Jagannaatha, Karunaajaladhi and Venugaanaloluni composed by Tyagaraja
• Paraakela Nannu by Shyama Shastri
• Neelakantham, Nilotpalambikayai and Abhayambikayah Anyam Najane by Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Koluvudi Bhakthi, Ethadu O Ramudu, Aadaramma Paadaramma, Suvi Suvi and Madhavunaku Mangalam by Annamacharya
• Veekshithoham by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
• Taavaka Naamaani, Deva Maamayi and Jalajanabha Mamava by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal
• Saraguna Paalimpa by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
• Thandhani Karattai by Harini as a devotional composed by Manachanallur Giridharan
• Emi gavalene manasa by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
• Samikku Sari Evvare, Sangeetha Trimurthigalai and Aananda Natamidum Padan by Papanasam Sivan
• Natanam Sheyyum Padanar by Ramaswami Sivan
• Gaanakala Viduni by Kalyani Varadarajan
• Anda Rama Soundariyam and Vittu Vidada Seethaiyai by Arunachala Kavi
• Deva Vidhyadhiraja by Thulaseevanam (R. Ramachandran Nair)
• Jaya Jaya Gajamukha Laavanyasaara by Kumaramangalam Vid. Srinivasaraghavan

Here are some Javalis composed in this Raga:

• Era Tagunatara and Ayyo Vibhudu, are Javalis by Dharmapuri Subbarayar
• Kopametula, a Javali by Pattabhiramayya
• Kalakannadu, a Javali by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar

Here is a Padam composed in this Raga:

• Bhamaro(Padam) by Kshetrayya

Here are some Tillanas composed in this Raga:

• Tillana by Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavathar
• Tillana by Natyacharya Guru Late Sri S Aravindan
• Tillana by Bokka Kumaraswamy

Here are some Varnams composed in this Raga:

• Sami Dayajuda by Tiruvottriyur Tyagayyar in Adi tala
• Viriboni Nee Pai by Dharmapuri Subbarayar in Mishra Jhampa Tala
• Sami Neeye Gathi by Koteeswara Iyer in Adi tala

Related Rāgams

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities

• Madhyamavati has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Kedaragaula. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 M1 P N2 S : S N2 P M1 R2 S
• Yadhukula kambhoji is a rāgam which has the chatushruthi dhaivatam in ascending scale in place of the kaisiki nishadham. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 M1 P D2 S : S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S

Notes

1. Alternate notations:

   • Hindustani: S R M P Ṉ Ṡ
   • Western: C D F G B♭ C
2. Alternate notations:

   • Hindustani: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S
   • Western: C B♭ A G F E D C