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Indo-Aryan language of Eastern Pahari branch spoken in Nepal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jumli or Jumli Khas (Jumli-Devanagari: जुम्ली खस) is an Indo-Aryan language of Nepal closely related to Nepali. It is primarily spoken in Jumla district and surroundings district in the Karnali Province of Nepal.[citation needed] The language is occasionally referred to as a dialect of Nepali; however, the Government of Nepal considers Jumli as a different language. The numbers of native speakers estimated 40,000.[3][4] The Khas language is known as the parent language of Nepali language.
| Jumli Khas | |
|---|---|
| जुम्ली खस | |
 The word "Jumli Khas" written in Jumli-Devanagari script | |
| Native to | Nepal |
| Region | Himalayas |
Native speakers | 40,000[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Devanagari (Jumli alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | Nepal
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jml |
| Glottolog | juml1238 |
Jumli speaking areas | |
Jumli Khas language uses the Devanagari script.
Khas language is considered to be the parent language of Nepali. The language is considered to developed in Sinja Valley of Karnali province.[6]
On 17 August 2017, a draft regarding 'Jumli Khas language writing style' was proposed. The draft proposed 29 consonants and 6 vowels for writing the language. According to Ramanand Acharya, a linguist and editor of the Jumli Khas dictionary, the proposed draft was prepared based on the Khas language and colloquial language and vernacular spoken in the then Karnali Khas Kingdom.[7] However, on 15 August 2022, the Language Commission of Nepal finalized a phonology with 24 vowels and 41 consonant characters.
Unlike Nepali, Jumli Khas only have 6 oral vowels.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m ⟨म⟩ | n ⟨न⟩ | ŋ ⟨ङ⟩ | ||||||
| Plosive/ | voiceless | unaspirated | p ⟨प⟩ | t ⟨त⟩ | t͡s ⟨च⟩ | ʈ ⟨ट⟩ | k ⟨क⟩ | ||
| aspirated | pʰ ⟨फ⟩ | tʰ ⟨थ⟩ | t͡sʰ ⟨छ⟩ | ʈʰ ⟨ठ⟩ | kʰ ⟨ख⟩ | ||||
| voiced | unaspirated | b ⟨ब⟩ | d ⟨द⟩ | d͡z ⟨ज⟩ | ɖ ⟨ड⟩ | ɡ ⟨ग⟩ | |||
| aspirated | bʱ ⟨भ⟩ | dʱ ⟨ध⟩ | d͡zʱ ⟨झ⟩ | ɖʱ ⟨ढ⟩ | ɡʱ ⟨घ⟩ | ||||
| Fricative | s ⟨स⟩ | ɦ ⟨ह⟩ | |||||||
| Rhotic | r ⟨र⟩ | ||||||||
| Approximant | (w ⟨व⟩) | l ⟨ल⟩ | (j ⟨य⟩) | ||||||
The standard record regarding the grammar and vocabulary was not collected and standardized as of 2022.[6] On 15 August 2022, at the initiative of the local government, the Language Commission started the process of documenting and archiving the language.[8] According to proposal, 24 vowels and 41 consonant characters were finalized for developing writing system of the language.[9]
In 2020, twenty-eight schools in Tatopani Rural Municipality of Jumla District started teaching in Jumli Khas language.[10]
In 2008, Ramanand Acharya started compiling the first ever Jumli Khas Dictionary titled Khasiya Akhar.[11] Khas means Khas people and Aakhar means word or a letter. As of 2019, he had collected around 25 thousands words. The collection process has been at a slow rate due to lack of funding.[12] The Karnali Province government allocated funds for the process in the budget of the fiscal year 2077/2078 BS (2020/2021).[13]
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