John Jacob Astor III

John Jacob Astor III^[a] (June 10, 1822 – February 22, 1890) was an American financier, philanthropist and a soldier during the American Civil War. He was a prominent member of the Astor family, becoming the wealthiest member in his generation.

John Jacob Astor III
Portrait of Astor by Jacob Hart Lazarus, 1890
Born	(1822-06-10)June 10, 1822 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	February 22, 1890(1890-02-22) (aged 67) New York City, New York, U.S.
Burial place	Trinity Church Cemetery, New York City, New York
Education	Columbia College University of Göttingen Harvard University
Occupation(s)	Financier, philanthropist
Spouse	Charlotte Augusta Gibbes ​ ​ (m. 1846; died 1887)​
Children	William Waldorf Astor
Parent(s)	William Backhouse Astor Sr. Margaret Alida Rebecca Armstrong
Relatives	See Astor family
Military Service
Allegiance	United States of America
Service / branch	New York Militia US Army
Years of service	1850-53 1861-62
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel Brigadier General
Unit	12th New York State Militia U.S. Volunteers (ADC to McClellan)
Battles / wars	American Civil War Peninsula Campaign
Awards	MOLLUS
Signature

Arms of Astor family.

Early life and education

Astor was the eldest son of real estate businessman William Backhouse Astor Sr. and Margaret Alida Rebecca Armstrong. One of his younger brothers was businessman William Backhouse Astor Jr.

His paternal grandparents were merchant-trader John Jacob Astor, who made his first fortune in the North American fur trade, and Sarah Cox Todd. Astor's maternal grandparents were Senator John Armstrong Jr. and Alida Livingston of the Livingston family.

John Astor III studied at Columbia College, graduating in 1839, and the University of Göttingen, following which he went to Harvard Law School, graduating in 1842.^[1][2] He practiced law for a year, to qualify for assisting in the management of his family's immense estate, one half of which later descended to him.^[3]

Career

In business, Astor dabbled in railroad investment, but was outsmarted by Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt and forced to yield control of the original New York Central Railroad line (from Albany to Buffalo) to him. His principal business interest was the vast Astor Estate real estate holdings in New York City, which he managed profitably and parsimoniously.

Military service

Astor was elected lieutenant colonel of the 12th Regiment of the New York Militia. He resigned from the office in 1853.^[4]

During the American Civil War, Astor served as a volunteer aide-de-camp, with the rank of colonel, to Major General George B. McClellan (then commanding general of the U.S. Army) from November 30, 1861, to July 11, 1862. In recognition of his services during the Peninsular Campaign, Astor was brevetted as a brigadier general of Volunteers in March 1865.

In 1880 he became a companion of the New York Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States—a military society of officers who had served in the Union armed forces. He was assigned insignia number 1909.

He regarded his Civil War service as the best of his life and attended the reunions of the Loyal Legion with zeal.^[5]

Philanthropy

Astor donated objects and funds to the Metropolitan Museum of Art (in 1887 he presented it with his wife's collection of valuable laces and left a bequest of $50,000). He and his brother presented Trinity Church with a memorial to their father: a sculptured reredos and altar costing $80,000. He left a bequest of $450,000 to the Astor Library,^[6] bringing the family benefactions to the institution to a total of about $1,500,000. He also gave generously to the New York Cancer Hospital ($100,000 bequest), the Woman's Hospital, St. Luke's Hospital ($100,000 bequest) and the Children's Aid Society.

He took an active interest in the Astor Library beyond funding. He was treasurer of its board of trustees, and in 1879 deeded to it the three lots on which the northern wing of the present building was later constructed by him. He presented it with his collection of early books and rare manuscripts.

His deeply religious wife Charlotte supported the newly formed Children's Aid Society and sat on the board of the Women's Hospital of New York, an institution that to her dismay refused to accept cancer patients. She persuaded her husband to donate the money ($225,000) to erect the New York Cancer Hospital's first wing, the "Astor Pavilion". For twenty years, she supported a German industrial school. From 1872 until her death, she was a manager of the Woman's Hospital, besides taking an active part in the Niobrara League to aid the Indians and in many other charities. She bequeathed $150,000 to charitable organizations.^[3]

Personal life

Charlotte Augusta Gibbes, portrait by Thomas Sully

On December 9, 1846, Astor was married at Trinity Church in New York City to Charlotte Augusta Gibbes (February 27, 1825 – December 12, 1887). Her parents were Thomas Stanyarne Gibbes Jr. and Susan Annette Vanden Heuvel.^[7] She was a descendant of Charles Apthorp, Jan Cornelius Van den Heuvel, and South Carolina Governor Robert Gibbes. Together, they had one child, William Waldorf Astor in 1848, who later became the 1st Viscount Astor and married Mary Dahlgren Paul.

In 1859, he built a home at 338 Fifth Avenue, today the street address of the Empire State Building. Later, he had an imposing vacation home, Beaulieu, built in Newport, Rhode Island, and he had a country estate, Nuits, at Ardsley-on-Hudson in Irvington, New York. Astor increasingly visited London in his later years. His son moved there permanently with his family in 1891 and became a British citizen in 1899, later being made Lord Astor.^[8]

John Jacob Astor III died on February 22, 1890, and was interred in the Trinity Church Cemetery in Manhattan.^[9]

Notes

1. Some sources such as Time magazine incorrectly list him as "John Jacob Astor II" and discount the birth of his uncle John Jacob Astor Jr., who was unstable.

References

1. Catalogue of Officers and Graduates of Columbia University from the Foundation of King's College in 1754. New York City: Columbia University. 1916. p. 106.
2. Coquillette, Daniel R.; Kimball, Bruce A. (12 October 2015). On the battlefield of merit Harvard Law School, the first century. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-96766-3. OCLC 965797778.
3. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Astor, John Jacob, capitalist" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
4. New York Times. February 7, 1904.
5. Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Astor, John Jacob, American capitalist and soldier" . Encyclopedia Americana.
6. Trustees, Astor Library (1892). "Extract from the Will of the late John Jacob Astor, January 6, 1888". Forty-Third Annual Report of the Trustees of the Astor Library of the City of New-York, for the Year 1891.
7. Speight, John F. "Genealogy Data Page 850". speightfamily.net. Archived from the original on October 8, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
8. "Viscount Astor Died Suddenly of Heart Disease. Stricken Saturday Morning, After Having Passed Part of Preceding Day Outdoors. Body Will Be Cremated and the Ashes Placed in Private Chapel at Cliveden. Peerage Came as Reward for War Gifts. Realty Holdings Here Valued at $60,000,000. Little Known to British Public. Estate Will Pay a Heavy Tax. His Pursuit of Title Evoked Bitter Criticism. Became a British Subject in 1899. Peerage Followed War Gifts". The New York Times. October 20, 1919. Retrieved August 1, 2008. Viscount Astor died yesterday morning. His death, which was from heart disease, was unexpected.
9. "John Jacob Astor Dead. Heart Disease Carries Him Off Suddenly. The End Of A Placid And Useful Life Full Of Good Deeds. William Waldorf Astor His Only Heir". The New York Times. February 23, 1890. Retrieved June 22, 2008.

External links

•  "Astor, John Jacob (capitalist)". The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. 1906. pp. 156/157.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• "John Jacob Astor III". Find a Grave. Retrieved February 14, 2008.