New Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency)

For the 1974 to 1997 constituency, see Shoreham (UK Parliament constituency).

New Shoreham, sometimes simply called Shoreham, was a parliamentary borough centred on the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in what is now West Sussex. It returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England from 1295 to 1707, then to the House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and finally to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until it was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, with effect from the 1885 general election.

New Shoreham
Former borough constituency for the House of Commons
County	Sussex (now West Sussex)
Major settlements	Shoreham-by-Sea
1295–1885
Seats	Two
Replaced by	Lewes

A modern constituency called Shoreham existed from 1974 to 1997.

Boundaries, franchise and boundary changes

New Shoreham is a part of Shoreham-by-Sea, located around its port. The borough, in 1800, had about 1,000 electors. The qualification for the vote before 1832, unusually for a borough, was the possession of a 40 shilling freehold which was the normal franchise for a county constituency.

The explanation for the franchise qualification was the result of a disputed by-election in 1770. At that time all the electors qualified by paying scot and lot, a local property tax. Stooks Smith provides two notes on what happened, following a result in which Thomas Rumbold received 87 votes and John Purling had 37 votes (a third candidate, William James, received 4 votes).

The Returning Officer on the ground that nearly all the 87 were bribed declared Mr. Purling elected, but Mr. Rumbold was seated on petition. On the 14th Feb. 1771, Mr. Roberts the Returning Officer was brought to the Bar of the House, and on his knees received a very severe reprimand from the Speaker for having taken upon himself to return Mr. Purling.

However, as a result of Mr. Robert's action there had been an investigation.

Parliamentary Elections, New Shoreham Act 1771
Act of Parliament
Parliament of Great Britain
Long title	An Act to incapacitate John Burnett, Charles Hannington, Thomas Haselgrove, Ralph Moor, Thomas Parsons, Thomas Snook Junior, Thomas Hannington, John Hannington, John Robinson, William Cheeseman, George Browne, John Parsons, John Curl, Frederick Bean, William Bean, Samuel Tuppen, John Sawyers, Thomas Crowter, Thomas Pockney, Joseph Dedman, John Dean, John Whning, William Stevens. John Bawcomb, Robert Parker, John Hogsflesh, John Purse, John Dean, Thomas Jennings, John Snook Junior, Richard Tilstone, William Turner, Walter Sawyers, Charles Mitchell, John Jarmand, John Wood, Friend Baniel, William Gratwick, Nathaniel Hillman, Thomas Roberts, John Ashman, William Cooter, Thomas Frost, Michael Smith, Richard Carver, Michael Burrant, Emery Churcher, Walter Broad, Richard Stoneham, James Bennett, Clement Freeman, William Jupp, Thomas Crowter, John Barnard, James Mitchell, James Millar otherwise Miller, William Newnham, Jeffery Carver, Randall Button, James Carver, John Martin, John Dedman Senior, William Jennings, William Hards, Thomas Gear, William Rusbridge, Henry Robinson, and Henry Hannington, from voting at Elections of Members to serve in Parliament, and for the preventing Bribery and Corruption in the Election of Members to serve in Parliament, for the Borough of New Shoreham, in the County of Sussex.
Citation	11 Geo. 3. c. 55
Dates
Royal assent	8 May 1771

The evidence given by the Returning Officer, Mr. Hugh Roberts, before the Committee, was the means of bringing to light a most singular system of wholesale bribery, carried on by a body of Electors, who styled themselves, the "Christian Society", and who had for some time being in the habit of selling seats to the highest bidders. By 11th Geo. III. C. 55,^[a] the whole of the members, amounting to 81, were deprived of the right of again voting at any Parliamentary Election, and the old class of voters disfranchised, the right of election being extended to the 40s. freeholders of the Rape of Bramber.

The rapes were traditional subdivisions of Sussex. The six rapes each consisted of a strip of territory from the northern border of the county to its southern coast, so the area involved was considerably larger than that of the normal parliamentary borough.

As a result of the extension of the boundaries the constituency became more like a county one than a typical borough of the era.

When an electoral register was first compiled, before the 1832 election, the 1,925 electors included 701 freeholders and 189 scot and lot voters. The remaining electors would have qualified under the occupation franchise introduced for all boroughs by the Reform Act 1832, which also preserved the ancient right franchises of the existing electors. The twentieth century parliamentary historian Lewis Namier said that "New Shoreham was the first borough to be disenfranchised for corruption".^[1]

Members of Parliament

1295–1640

Parliament	First member	Second member
1295	Roger de Beauchamp	Thomas Pontoyse[2]
1298	Godfrey atte Curt	Roger le Wake[2]
1300	Roger de Beauchamp	Richard de Bokyngeham[2]
1303	Henry de Burne	Roger de Beauchamp[2]
1304	Richard Serle	Simon Iveny[2]
1307	Richard Must	Richard Serle[2]
1309	John Virley	John Frewyn[2]
1311	John Virley	John Frewyn[2]
1313	Henry de Bourne	William de Pevense[2]
1319	John Loute	John Baudefait[2]
1325	William Vyvyan	Thomas Moraunt[2]
1327	Ralph Bovet	John le Blake[2]
1328	Henry de Whitewei	John Swele[2]
1328	Anselm atte Putte	John Swele[2]
1328	Anselm atte Putte	John Swele[2]
1329	Robert Apetot	Robert le Kenne[2]
1331	John de Beauchamp	Anselm ante Putte[2]
1332	Anselm atte Putte	Richard ?1VIoust[2]
1332	Anselm atte Putte	John atto Grene[2]
1333	Anselm atte Putte	David Fynian[2]
1334	John Beauchamp	Germanus Hobelyt[2]
1335	Robert le Puffare	John Beauchamp[2]
1336	John de Beauchamp	John atte Crone[2]
1336	Robert Puffer/Simon 1'houto	Thomas Fynian[2]
1337	John Beauchamp	John Bernard[2]
1339	Robert Puffaro	John Bernard[2]
1339	Robert le Puffare	John Bernard[2]
1340	John Beauchamp	Robert le Puffare[2]
1341	John Beauchamp	Hugo de Coumbes[2]
1344	John Beauchamp	Robert Puffero[2]
1346	Robert Puffere	William L. . .[2]
1348	John Beauchamp	Henry le Puffare[2]
1350	John Bernard	Thomas Fynian[2]
1354	Walter Woxebrugge	Thomas Finyan[2]
1355	John Bernard	Walter Bailiff[2]
1357	Walter Woxebrugg	Thomas Fynyan[2]
1357	Thomas Bokyngham	William Snellyng[2]
1360	John Bernard	Walter Bailiff[2]
1360	John Bernard	Walter Woxebrugge[2]
1362	Thomas Fynyan	Thomas Bokyngham[2]
1363	John Bernard	William Snellyng[2]
1366	Ralph Iver	William Snellyng[2]
1368	John Bernard	John Barbour[2]
1369	Richard Combo	John Barbour[2]
1371	William Snellyng[2]
1372	William Snellyng	John Barbour[2]
1373	William Taillour	Ralph Frore[2]
1376	William Taillour	Ralph Frere[2]
1377	Richard Bernard	John Barbour[2]
1378	John Barbour	William Taillour[2]
1379	John Barbour	Gregory Fromond[2]
1381	Richard Bernard	Simon Benefeld[2]
1382	William Shirford	Richard Bernard[2]
1382	John Barbour	John Skully[2]
1382	John Lynton	Simon Benefeld[2]
1383	John Lynton	Simon Benefeld[2]
1384	Simon Benefeld	John Lynton[2]
1384	Simon Benefeld	Richard Bernard[2]
1385	Robert Frye	John Lenton[2]
1386	Richard Bernard	William Corveysor[3]
1388 (Feb)	Richard Bernard	Simon Benefeld[3]
1388 (Sep)	Richard Bernard	John Skully[3]
1390 (Jan)	Richard Bernard	Simon Benefeld[3]
1390 (Nov)
1391	Robert Frye	John Skully[3]
1393	Richard Bernard	John Skully[3]
1394
1395	Richard Bernard	Simon Benefeld[3]
1397 (Jan)	Robert Frye	Simon Benefeld[3]
1397 (Sep)	Gregory Fromond	William Hulle[3]
1399	Robert Frye	John Soper[3]
1401
1402	William Ede	Roger Farmcombe[3]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406	William Hokere	William Peck[3]
1407	John atte Gate	John Skully[3]
1410
1411
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May)	William Ede	John Draper[3]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov)	William Ede	Robert Benefeld[3]
1415
1416 (Mar)	William Askewith	John Draper[3]
1416 (Oct)
1417	Richard Dammer	Adam Feret[3]
1419
1420
1421 (May)
1421 (Dec)	John Findon	Richard Roger[3]
1423	Richard Dammer	William Langlegh[2]
1426	Richard Roger	Adam Feret[2]
1427	John Wrvthere	John Waleys[2]
1429	William Snellyng	William Yongge[2]
1430	Adam Feret	John Furly[2]
1432	Richard Jay	Richard Dammer[2]
1433	Thomas Hille	John Ham[2]
1435	Richard Jay	John Furly[2]
1436	Richard Jay	?John Iiempe[2]
1441	Richard Jay	Thomas Grevet[2]
1446	John Veske	John Weston[2]
1448	William Redston	John Beckwith[2]
1449	William Bury	John Gloucestre[2]
1411	Thomas Gvnnour	Edward Raffe[2]
1452	Edward Raffe	William Say[2]
1459	Hugo Till	Richard Awger[2]
1460	Robert Spert	Nicholas Morley[2]
1467	Richard Lewkenor	William Brandon[2]
1472	Peter Veske	Richard Farnefold[2]
1477	Peter Veske	John Cookson[2]
1482–1523	No names known[4]
1529	John Covert	John Michell[4]
1536	?
1539	?
1542	?
1545	John Gates[5]	Henry Gates[4]
1547	William Fitzwilliam	Anthony Bourchier, died and repl. by Jan 1552 by Sir Henry Hussey[4]
1553 (Mar)	John Fowler	Thomas Harvey[4]
1553 (Oct)	Thomas Roper	Thomas Elrington[4]
1554 (Apr)	Leonard West	William Mody[4]
1554 (Nov)	Simon Lowe alias Fyfield	William Mody[4]
1555	Francis Shirley	Thomas Hogan[4]
1558	Anthony Hussey	Richard Baker [4]
1558–9	Richard Fulmerston	John Hussey[6]
1562–3	Henry Knollys[7]	Nicholas Mynn [6]
1571	William Dix	John Bowles[6]
1572	Edward Lewknor	Edward Fenner[6][8]
1584	William Necton	Thomas Fenner[6][9]
1586	William Necton	John Young[6]
1588	William Necton	John Young[6]
1593	William Necton	Herbert Morley[6]
1597	William Necton	John Young[6]
1601	John Morley	Robert Booth[6]
1604–1611	Sir Bernard Whetston	Sir Hugh Beeston
1614	Lord Howard of Effingham	Thomas Shelley
1621	Sir John Morley, died 1622	Sir John Leedes
1624	Anthony Stapley	William Marlott
1625	Anthony Stapley	William Marlott
1626	John Alford	William Marlott
1628	Robert Morley	William Marlott
1629–1640	No Parliaments summoned

1640–1885

Election	1st member		1st party	2nd member		2nd party
April 1640		William Marlott	Parliamentarian		John Alford	Parliamentarian
November 1640
1646		Herbert Springet
December 1648	Springet and Alford excluded in Pride's Purge – both seats vacant
1653	New Shoreham was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659		John Whaley			Edward Blaker
May 1659	Not represented in the restored Rump
April 1660		(Sir) Herbert Springet[10]			Edward Blaker
1662		William Quatremaine
1667		John Fagg
1673		Henry Goring
1678					Sir Anthony Deane
February 1679		Robert Fagg			John Cheale
August 1679		John Hales
1681					Robert Fagg
1685		Sir Edward Hungerford			Sir Richard Haddock
1689					John Monke
1690					John Perry
1695		Henry Priestman
1698		Charles Sergison
1701					Nathaniel Gould
1702		John Perry
1705		John Wicker
May 1708		Anthony Hammond[11]			Richard Lloyd
December 1708		Sir Gregory Page
1710					(Sir) Nathaniel Gould
1713		Francis Chamberlayne
1715		Sir Gregory Page
1720		Francis Chamberlayne
1729		Samuel Ongley			John Gould
1734		Thomas Frederick			John Phillipson
1740		John Frederick
1741		Charles Frederick			Thomas Brand
1747					Robert Bristow
1754		Richard Stratton
1758		Sir William Williams
March 1761					The Viscount Midleton
December 1761		The Lord Pollington[12]
1765					Vice-Admiral (Sir) Samuel Cornish[13]
1768		Peregrine Cust
November 1770					John Purling[14]
December 1770					Thomas Rumbold
1774		Charles Goring	Whig[15]		Sir John Shelley	Tory[15]
1780		Sir Cecil Bisshopp	Tory[15]		John Peachey	Tory[15]
1790		Sir Harry Goring	Whig[15]		John Clater Aldridge	Whig[15]
1795					Hon. Charles Wyndham	Tory[15]
1796		Sir Cecil Bisshopp	Tory[15]
1802					Timothy Shelley	Whig[15]
1806		Sir Charles Burrell, Bt	Tory[15]
1818					James Lloyd	Whig[15]
1826					Henry Howard	Whig[15]
1832					Harry Goring[16]	Whig[15][17][18]
1834			Conservative[15]
1841					Charles Goring	Conservative[15]
1849					Lord Alexander Gordon-Lennox	Conservative
1859					Rt Hon. Sir Stephen Cave	Conservative
1862		Sir Percy Burrell, Bt	Conservative
1876		Sir Walter Burrell, Bt	Conservative
1880					Robert Loder	Conservative
1885	Constituency abolished

Election results

Elections in the 1830s

General election 1830: New Shoreham^[15][19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Tory	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Whig	Henry Howard	Unopposed
	Tory hold
	Whig hold

General election 1831: New Shoreham^[15][19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Tory	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Whig	Henry Howard	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,600
	Tory hold
	Whig hold

General election 1832: New Shoreham^[15][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Tory	Charles Burrell	785	39.9
	Whig	Harry Goring	774	39.4
	Tory	George Frederick Jones	406	20.7
Turnout			1,154	59.9
Registered electors			1,925
Majority			11	0.5
	Tory hold
Majority			368	18.7
	Whig hold

General election 1835: New Shoreham^[15][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Whig	Harry Goring	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,910
	Conservative hold
	Whig hold

General election 1837: New Shoreham^[15][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Harry Goring	850	37.9
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	773	34.5
	Whig	David Salomons	619	27.6
Turnout			1,322	68.1
Registered electors			1,940
Majority			77	3.4
	Whig hold
Majority			154	6.9
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1840s

General election 1841: New Shoreham^[15][20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	959	38.5	+21.3
	Conservative	Charles Goring	856	34.4	+17.2
	Whig	Edward Fitzalan-Howard	673	27.0	−38.5
Majority			183	7.4	+0.5
Turnout			1,581 (est)	82.4 (est)	c. +14.3
Registered electors			1,918
	Conservative hold		Swing	+20.3
	Conservative gain from Whig		Swing	+18.2

General election 1847: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Conservative	Charles Goring	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,864
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Goring's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 28 December 1849: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Lord Alexander Gordon-Lennox	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1850s

General election 1852: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Conservative	Lord Alexander Gordon-Lennox	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,865
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

General election 1857: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	991	43.4	N/A
	Conservative	Lord Alexander Gordon-Lennox	806	35.3	N/A
	Independent Liberal	Henry Williams Pemberton[21][22]	487	21.3	New
Majority			319	14.0	N/A
Turnout			1,386 (est)	77.0 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			1,800
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

General election 1859: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Charles Burrell	Unopposed
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	Unopposed
Registered electors			1,843
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1860s

Burrell's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 5 February 1862: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Percy Burrell	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1865: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	972	39.6	N/A
	Conservative	Percy Burrell	891	36.3	N/A
	Liberal	James Hannen[23]	592	24.1	New
Majority			299	12.2	N/A
Turnout			1,524 (est)	77.0 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			1,978
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Cave was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 14 July 1866: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

General election 1868: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Percy Burrell	Unopposed
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	Unopposed
Registered electors			4,774
	Conservative hold
	Conservative hold

Elections in the 1870s

General election 1874: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Percy Burrell	2,527	43.3	N/A
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	2,414	41.4	N/A
	Liberal	William Lyon	896	15.4	New
Majority			1,518	26.0	N/A
Turnout			3,367 (est)	67.4 (est)	N/A
Registered electors			4,998
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

Cave was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces and Paymaster General, requiring a by-election.

By-election, 13 Mar 1874: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Stephen Cave	Unopposed
	Conservative hold

Burrell's death caused a by-election.

By-election, 5 Aug 1876: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Walter Burrell	2,152	60.7	−24.0
	Liberal	William Egerton Hubbard[24]	1,394	39.3	+23.9
Majority			758	21.4	−4.6
Turnout			3,546	69.1	+1.7
Registered electors			5,129
	Conservative hold		Swing	−24.0

Elections in the 1880s

General election 1880: New Shoreham^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Walter Burrell	2,445	37.6	−5.7
	Conservative	Robert Loder	2,195	33.8	−7.6
	Liberal	William Egerton Hubbard[24]	2,059	31.7	+16.3
Majority			136	2.1	−23.9
Turnout			4,379 (est)	79.9 (est)	+12.5
Registered electors			5,480
	Conservative hold		Swing	−6.9
	Conservative hold		Swing	−7.9

See also

• Unreformed House of Commons

Notes and references

1. Parliamentary Elections, New Shoreham Act 1771 (11 Geo. 3. c. 55)

1. Page 129, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
2. "The Story of Shoreham" (PDF). Retrieved 26 December 2011.
3. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
4. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
5. "Gates, Sir John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10448. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
6. "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
7. "Knollys, Sir Francis (1511/12–1596)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
8. "Fenner, Sir Edward". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
9. "Fenner, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
10. Created a baronet, January 1661
11. In December 1708 Hammond, who was a Commissioner of the Navy, was voted by the House of Commons to be therefore ineligible for election, and a writ for a by-election was immediately issued
12. Created Earl of Mexborough (in the Peerage of Ireland), February 1766
13. Created a baronet, February 1766
14. On petition, Purling was declared not have been duly elected, and his opponent Rumbold was declared to have been elected instead. Furthermore, the House voted that "the most corrupt practices had been used", and an Act of Parliament was passed in 1771 to permanently disqualify the returning officer and 80 other voters from ever voting again in a Parliamentary election, and to extend the right to vote for the Members for New Shoreham to all the 40 shilling freeholders of the Rape of Bramber.
15. Stooks Smith, Henry (1845). The Parliaments of England, from 1st George I., to the Present Time. Vol II: Oxfordshire to Wales Inclusive. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 93–95. Retrieved 1 December 2018 – via Google Books.
16. Goring was classified by Craig as a Liberal, although his entry in Dod's Parliamentary Companion (reprinted in Stenton) describes him as "inclined to Conservative principles".
17. Churton, Edward (1838). The Assembled Commons or Parliamentary Biographer: 1838. p. 102. Retrieved 1 December 2018 – via Google Books.
18. Mosse, Richard Bartholomew (1838). The Parliamentary Guide: a concise history of the Members of both Houses, etc. p. 168. Retrieved 1 December 2018 – via Google Books.
19. Jenkins, Terry; Spencer, Howard. "New Shoreham". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
20. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 275–276. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
21. "Election for the Borough of New Shoreham and Rape of Braniber". West Sussex Gazette. 2 April 1857. p. 2. Retrieved 9 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
22. "Dublin Daily Express". 24 March 1857. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 9 July 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
23. "Representation of Shoreham and Bramber Rape". Sussex Advertiser. 20 June 1865. p. 4. Retrieved 11 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
24. "Nominations". Belfast Telegraph. 3 April 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 21 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.

Sources

• Victoria History of the County of Sussex – south part of the Rape of Bramber
• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F. W. S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
• The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973) out of copyright
• Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
• D. Brunton & D. H. Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
• Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
• Maija Jansson (ed.) Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
• J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "N" (part 2)