Jeremiah 46

For Jeremiah 46 in the Septuagint, see Jeremiah 39.

Jeremiah 46 is the forty-sixth chapter of the Book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains prophecies attributed to the prophet Jeremiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter is part of a series of "oracles against foreign nations", consisting of chapters 46 to 51.^[1] In particular, chapters 46-49 focus on Judah's neighbors.^[2] This chapter contains the poetic oracles against Egypt.^[2][3]

Jeremiah 46
← chapter 45 chapter 47 →
A high resolution scan of the Aleppo Codex showing the Book of Jeremiah (the sixth book in Nevi'im).
Book	Book of Jeremiah
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	6
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	24

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 28 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[4] Some fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., 2QJer (2Q13; 1st century CE^[5]), with extant verses 27‑28.^[6][7]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (with a different chapter and verse numbering), made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century).^[8]

Parashot

The parashah sections listed here are based on the Aleppo Codex.^[9] Jeremiah 46 is a part of the prophecies in Jeremiah 46-49 in the section of Prophecies against the nations (Jeremiah 46-51). {P}: open parashah; {S}: closed parashah.

{P} 46:1-12 {P} 46:13-19 {S} 46:20-26 {P} 46:27-28 {P}

Verse numbering

The order of chapters and verses of the Book of Jeremiah in the English Bibles, Masoretic Text (Hebrew), and Vulgate (Latin), in some places differs from that in the Septuagint (LXX, the Greek Bible used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and others) according to Rahlfs or Brenton. The following table is taken with minor adjustments from Brenton's Septuagint, page 971.^[10]

The order of Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint/Scriptural Study (CATSS) based on Alfred Rahlfs' Septuaginta (1935) differs in some details from Joseph Ziegler's critical edition (1957) in Göttingen LXX. Swete's Introduction mostly agrees with Rahlfs' edition (=CATSS).^[10]

Hebrew, Vulgate, English	Rahlfs' LXX (CATSS)	Brenton's LXX
46:1,26	n/a
46:2-25,27-28	26:2-25,27-28
39:1-3,14-18	46:1-3,14-18	46:1-4,15-18
39:4-13	none

Judgment on Egypt (46:1–26)

Verse 1

The word of the Lord which came to Jeremiah the prophet against the nations.^[11]

• Cross reference: Jeremiah 25:13

This statement serves as an introduction to the oracles, as Jeremiah 1:2, 14:1 and 25:1 act as introductions to other sections.^[3]

Verse 2

Against Egypt.

Concerning the army of Pharaoh Necho, king of Egypt, which was by the River Euphrates in Carchemish, and which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah:^[12]

• Cross reference: 2 Chronicles 35:20

In May/June 605 BCE the army of Nebuchadnezzar, at the time the Crown Prince of Babylon, defeated the troops of Pharaoh Necho II at Carchemish, on the northern Euphrates 95 km (59 mi) west of Haran (Genesis 11:31), and pursued the troop to the border of Egypt.^[3]

Verse 3

"Order the buckler and shield,

And draw near to battle!^[13]

For "order", some commentators read "prepare" or, more literally, "set in line".^[14] O'Connor suggests that "it is not clear which army is being addressed, the Egyptian for the defence or the Babylonian for the attack".^[2] "Harness the horses" (verse 4, coupled with verse 9) suggests the appeal is addressed to the Egyptian armies, whereas the nineteenth century commentator Edward Plumptre argues that this verse is "a summons to the hosts of Nebuchadnezzar to prepare for their victory".^[15]

Verse 11

Go up into Gilead and take balm,

O virgin daughter of Egypt;

in vain you shall use many medicines,

for you will not be cured.^[16]

• "Virgin daughter": alluding to Egypt’s geographical isolation that provides safety and protection "enjoyed by a virgin living at home under her father’s protection"^[17]

God will preserve Israel (46:27–28)

This passage contains hope-restoring words for the dismayed exiles (verse 27), that Israel (Jacob), unlike the 'exiled Egypt', will return after YHWH makes an end of all the nations 'among which I banished you' for punishment (verse 28).^[18]

See also

• Egypt
• Babylon
• Carchemish
• Jehoiakim
• Judah
• Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon
• Nile
• Necho II
• There Is a Balm in Gilead

• Related Bible part: Isaiah 19, Isaiah 20, Jeremiah 1, Jeremiah 14, Jeremiah 25

References

1. Coogan 2007, p. 1148 Hebrew Bible.
2. O'Connor 2007, p. 522.
3. Coogan 2007, p. 1149 Hebrew Bible.
4. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
5. Sweeney, Marvin A. (2010). Form and Intertextuality in Prophetic and Apocalyptic Literature. Forschungen zum Alten Testament. Vol. 45 (reprint ed.). Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 9781608994182. ISSN 0940-4155.
6. Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 26. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
7. Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 581. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
8. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
9. As reflected in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 edition of the Hebrew Bible in English.
10. "Table of Order of Jeremiah in Hebrew and Septuagint". www.ccel.org.
11. Jeremiah 46:1 NKJV
12. Jeremiah 46:2 NKJV
13. Jeremiah 46:3 NKJV
14. Streane, A. W., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Jeremiah 46, accessed 10 April 2019
15. Plumptre, E., Jeremiah 46 in Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers, accessed 10 April 2019
16. Jeremiah 46:11 Modern English Version
17. Huey, F. B. "Jeremiah, Lamentations" [NAC], p. 379; apud note [b] on Jeremiah 46:11 in NET Bible
18. O'Connor 2007, pp. 522–523.

Bibliography

• Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
• Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.
• O'Connor, Kathleen M. (2007). "23. Jeremiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 487–533. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
• Thompson, J. A. (1980). A Book of Jeremiah. The New International Commentary on the Old Testament (illustrated, revised ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802825308.
• Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

• Jeremiah 46 Hebrew with Parallel English

Christian

• Jeremiah 46, English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate