Jeffrey Sutton
American judge (born 1960) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American judge (born 1960) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jeffrey Stuart Sutton (born October 31, 1960) is an American lawyer and jurist serving as the Chief United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.
Jeffrey Sutton | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | |
| Assumed office May 1, 2021 | |
| Preceded by | R. Guy Cole Jr. |
| Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | |
| Assumed office May 5, 2003 | |
| Appointed by | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | David Aldrich Nelson |
| 2nd Solicitor General of Ohio | |
| In office 1995–1998 | |
| Attorney General | Betty Montgomery |
| Preceded by | Richard Cordray |
| Succeeded by | Edward B. Foley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jeffrey Stuart Sutton October 31, 1960 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia |
| Education | Williams College (BA) Ohio State University (JD) |
Sutton received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Williams College in 1983.[1] Sutton worked as a paralegal in Washington, D.C., and spent a summer at an archaeological dig site in Jordan as part of a United States Department of State cultural exchange program, then returned to Ohio to be a high school history teacher and varsity soccer coach at the Columbus Academy, a private school in Gahanna, Ohio.[1]
Sutton received his Juris Doctor from Ohio State University's Moritz College of Law in 1990. He then clerked for Judge Thomas Meskill of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1990 to 1991. Next he clerked at the United States Supreme Court from 1991 to 1992, primarily working under Antonin Scalia, who later said Sutton was "one of the very best law clerks [he] ever had",[2] as well as for Lewis F. Powell Jr., who had assumed senior status.
Sutton was in private practice in Columbus at the law firm Jones Day from 1992 to 1995 and 1998 to 2003, serving as Solicitor General of Ohio from 1995 to 1998. He has also served as an adjunct professor of law at the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law[3] since 1994 and more recently as a visiting lecturer at Harvard Law School.[4] He teaches state constitutional law, a subject in which he is particularly interested and about which he has written extensively.[5]
Sutton was first nominated by President George W. Bush on May 9, 2001, to a seat on the Sixth Circuit vacated by David A. Nelson, who assumed senior status on October 1, 1999. That nomination, made during the 107th United States Congress, never received a floor vote in the United States Senate. Sutton was not confirmed until almost two years later, on April 29, 2003, when the Senate of the 108th United States Congress confirmed him by a 52–41 vote.[6] He received his commission on May 5, 2003.[7] He became Chief Judge on May 1, 2021.[8]
In 2007, Sutton dissented in part when the Sixth Circuit held that a police officer did not have qualified immunity for arresting a speaker for using foul language at a town meeting.[9] In June 2011, Sutton became the first judge appointed by a Republican to rule in favor of the health care mandate in President Barack Obama's Health Care law.[10]
In November 2014, Sutton authored the 2–1 opinion ruling upholding same-sex marriage bans in Michigan, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee in the Sixth Circuit reversing six previous federal district court rulings. The ruling was the second federal court ruling and the only Federal Court of Appeals ruling[11] to uphold same-sex marriage bans after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a portion of the Defense of Marriage Act in United States v. Windsor in June 2013. This ran counter to rulings by the U.S. Courts of Appeals for the 4th, 7th, 9th and 10th circuits, which then led the U.S. Supreme Court to grant writ of certiorari to review same-sex marriage bans when it previously declined to do so.[12][13] In Obergefell v. Hodges the Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Sixth Circuit.
On December 17, 2021, in In re MCP No. 165, OSHA, Interim Final Rule: COVID-19 Vaccination & Testing, 20 F.4th 264 (6th Cir. 2021), Chief Judge Sutton dissented from the denial of initial hearing en banc. The case concerned a rule issued by the Secretary of Labor requiring “roughly 80 million workers to become vaccinated or face a weekly self-financed testing requirement and a daily masking requirement.” Chief Judge Sutton’s opinion argues that the Secretary of Labor lacks “authority to impose this vaccine-or-test mandate.”[14]
On April 12, 2022, in Arizona v. Biden (6th Cir. 2022), Judge Sutton wrote a concurrence suggesting that nationwide injunctions "seem to take the judicial power beyond its traditionally understood uses, permitting district courts to order the government to act or refrain from acting toward nonparties in the case."[15]
On July 8, 2023, Sutton temporarily halted a lower court injunction[16] on Tennessee's law banning gender affirming care for minors.[17][18][19][20][21] Sutton reasoned that there is no "deeply rooted" historical or traditional evidence that the treatment is allowed.[22][23] He did note that the current ruling allowing the ban on gender-affirming care to go into effect is temporary, saying, "We may be wrong."[24] He has currently set forth a tentative date of September 30, 2023 to have a final judgement on the matter.[25]
On July 12, 2024, in Gore v. Lee (6th Cir. 2024), Chief Judge Sutton authored a majority opinion that upheld a Tennessee law that “treats the sex listed on a birth certificate as a historical fact unchangeable by an individual’s transition to a different gender identity.” The opinion described biological sex as “a medical fact of birth collected by the State about everyone” and rejected arguments that the U.S. Constitution “require[s] Tennessee to change the biological sex listed on the birth certificates of transgender individuals to match their gender identities.” Judge Helene White authored a dissenting opinion arguing that Tennessee impermissibly “classifies individuals based on the State’s generalizations of what it means to be truly male and female.”[26]
Since joining the bench, Judge Sutton has been one of the most prolific feeder judges, sending a number of his law clerks to the Supreme Court.[27]
Sutton chaired the Advisory Committee on Appellate Rules of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 2009 to 2012, and served on the committee beginning in 2005. He went on to chair the Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure from 2012 to 2015.[28]
On a podcast with Harvard Law School professor Noah Feldman, Judge Sutton, a conservative originalist, expressed the view that the United States Supreme Court's December 2000 decision in Bush v. Gore was wrongly decided.[29]
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