Jananiyar Hanim

Jananiyar Hanim (Arabic: جانانيار هانم; Turkish: Cenaniyar Hanım; died 12 December 1912)^[3] was the second wife of Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.

Jananiyar Hanim
Second Princess
Princess consort of Egypt
Tenure	19 January 1863 – 26 June 1879
Born	c. 1835
Died	12 December 1912(1912-12-12) (aged 76–77) Saffron Palace, Cairo, Egypt
Burial	Al-Rifa'i Mosque
Spouse	Isma'il Pasha of Egypt ​ ​ (died 1895)​
Issue	Princess Zainab Hanim Prince Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha
Names Arabic: جانانيار هانم Turkish: Cenaniyar Hanım[1] Ottoman Turkish: جنان یار خانم[2]
House	Alawiyya (by marriage)
Religion	Sunni Islam

Life

She was a of Circassian of origin, having comed to the harem of the Muhammad Ali dynasty in Egypt via the Circassian slave trade. Described as a 'wee dwarf of a handsome blonde',^[4] Jananiyar married Isma'il Pasha as his second wife before his accession to the throne.^[5][6]

She gave birth to six children, the eldest of whom was Isma'il's first born son, and heir. However, four of them, including the first born, died in childhood.^[7][8] Of the surviving, a daughter, Princess Zainab Hanim (died 1875) was born in 1859, followed by a son, Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha (died 1927), born in 1860.^[9][10][11] She had also adopted a Circassian girl named Fatma Kopses Hanim (1859 – 1888).^[12] After Isma'il's accession to the throne in 1863, she was given the title of "Second Princess",^[5] a position at which she remained throughout his entire reign, until his deposition in 1879.^[9] In Egypt she was known as Ortangi Hanim or Middle Lady.^[7] She was Isma'il's favourite wife.^[13]

Isma'il and her mother-in-law Hoshiyar Qadin launched a propaganda campaign in Istanbul. In February 1863, Pertevniyal Sultan arranged for Isma'il to meet her son Sultan Abdulaziz in private in her palace. In summer of 1864, Hoshiyar traveled to Istanbul, to help her son. She arrived with proposed new heir in question, her grandson Tewfik Pasha, lots of money, and diplomacy. In spring of 1866, they launched the greatest attack, in which the good offices of Pertevniyal may have been involved.^[14] In fact it was Jananiyar who conducted delicate negotiations with consummate ability at Istanbul, and who in gaining her husband's cause, thus ensured the throne to Tewfik.^[15]

In 1869, she met with the Princess of Wales Alexandra of Denmark, when the latter visited Istanbul with her husband Prince of Wales Edward (future Edward VII).^[16][17] In 1874, her daughter Zainab married Ibrahim Fahmi Pasha, son of Ahmad Rifaat Pasha. The princess, however, died before the marriage was consummated. After which, Ibrahim Fahmi married Princess Nimatullah Hanim, Isma'il's youngest daughter by the concubine Neshedil Qadin in 1890.^[18] She was widowed at Isma'il's death in 1895.^[9] In 1897, she took an active part in the Greco-Turkish War by contributing to the donation collection efforts in Egypt.^[19]

Death

Jananiyar Hanim died on 12 December 1912 in the Saffron Palace, Cairo, and was buried in the Khedival Mausoleum, Al-Rifa'i Mosque.^[3] She was the last surviving wife of Isma'il.^[20]

Gallery

• 
  A photo of Jananiyar in formal dress.
• 
  Tomb of Jananiyar Hanim in Al-Rifa'i Mosque in Cairo.

See also

• List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty

References

1. Tanman, M (2011). Nil kıyısından Boğaziçi'ne : Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Paşa Hanedanı'nın İstanbul'daki izleri = From the shores of the Nile to the Bosphorus : traces of Kavalalı Mehmed Ali Pasha Dynasty in İstanbul (in Turkish). İstanbul: İstanbul Araştırmaları Enstitüsu. p. 48. ISBN 978-975-9123-95-6. OCLC 811064965.
2. Kal (1997). İstanbul su külliyât (in Turkish). İstanbul: İstanbul Aras̨tırmaları Merkezi. p. 98. ISBN 978-975-8215-04-1. OCLC 43430901.
3. "His Highness Hidiv Ismail Pasa". www.oocities.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
4. Searight, Sarah (2005). Women Travellers in the Near East. Oxbow Books. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-842-17161-5.
5. Doumani 2003, p. 258.
6. Cuno, Kenneth M. (1 April 2015). Modernizing Marriage: Family, Ideology, and Law in Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Egypt. Syracuse University Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-815-65316-5.
7. Chennells, E. (1893). Recollections of an Egyptian Princess. William Blackwood. p. 7.
8. Masson, D.; Grove, G.; Morley, J.; Morris, M. (1879). Macmillan's Magazine. Macmillan and Company. p. 483.
9. Doumani 2003, p. 270.
10. "الخديوى اسماعيل - فاروق مصر". www.faroukmisr.net. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
11. "زوجات حكام مصر من عهد محمد على حتى عهد الملك فاروق الاول - فاروق مصر". www.faroukmisr.net. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
12. Rifaat, Samir. "Kopses Hanum 1859 – 1888 Beloved Adopted Daughter of Khedive Ismail Laid to Rest on the Banks of the Bosphorus". egy.com. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
13. Blackwood's Magazine. W. Blackwood. 1892. p. 268.
14. Mestyan, Adam (3 November 2020). Arab Patriotism: The Ideology and Culture of Power in Late Ottoman Egypt. Princeton University Press. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-691-20901-2.
15. Malortie, Karl Von (1882). Egypt: Native Rulers and Foreign Interference. W. Ridgway. p. 78.
16. Cherry, Debrah; Halland, Janice (2006). Local/global: Women Artists in the Nineteenth Century. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-754-63197-2.
17. Grey, Maria Georgina Shirreff (1870). Journal of a Visit to Egypt, Constantinople, the Crimea, Greece, &c:In the Suite of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Harper. pp. 32–33.
18. Doumani 2003, p. 261, 270.
19. Öztürk, D. (2020). "Remembering" Egypt's Ottoman Past: Ottoman Consciousness in Egypt, 1841-1914. Ohio State University. pp. 128–29.
20. Hassan, Hassan (2000). In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805–1952. American University in Cairo Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-977-424-554-1. OCLC 45016821.

Sources

• Chennells, Ellen (1893). Recollections of an Egyptian princess. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood. (Chennells was the teacher/governess for the daughter Zainab)
• Doumani, Beshara (2003). Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-791-48707-5.