Iodine pentafluoride

This article is about an interhalogen compound. For the IF5 tornado rating, see International Fujita scale.

Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF₅. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.^[3]

Iodine pentafluoride

Stereo structural formula of iodine pentafluoride Space-filling model of iodine pentafluoride
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Iodine(V) fluoride
Systematic IUPAC name Pentafluoro-λ5-iodane
Other names Iodic fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-66-6 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	455940 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.108
EC Number	232-019-7
PubChem CID	522683
UNII	LFD5C04ER3 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2052524
InChI InChI=1S/F5I/c1-6(2,3,4)5 Y Key: PJIYEPACCBMRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1S/F5I/c1-6(2,3,4)5 Key: PJIYEPACCBMRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/F5I/c1-6(2,3,4)5 Key: PJIYEPACCBMRLZ-UHFFFAOYAU
SMILES FI(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
Chemical formula	IF5
Molar mass	221.89 g/mol
Appearance	colorless liquid
Density	3.250 g/cm3
Melting point	9.43 °C (48.97 °F; 282.58 K)
Boiling point	97.85 °C (208.13 °F; 371.00 K)
Solubility in water	Reacts
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−58.1·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity	2.111 mPa·s
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Point group	C4V
Coordination geometry	Square pyramidal
Molecular shape	square pyramidal[1]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Toxic, oxidiser, corrosive, reacts with water to release HF
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H271, H301+H311+H331, H314, H371, H410[2]
Precautionary statements	P202, P232, P304, P310[2]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	3 0 2 W OX
Safety data sheet (SDS)	External MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions	Iodine pentoxide
Other cations	Bromine pentafluoride
Related compounds	Iodine monofluoride Iodine trifluoride Iodine heptafluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Preparation

It was first synthesized by Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid iodine in fluorine gas.^[4] This exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.^[5]

I₂ + 5 F₂ → 2 IF₅

Reactions

IF₅ reacts vigorously with water forming hydrofluoric acid and iodic acid:

IF₅ + 3 H₂O → HIO₃ + 5 HF

Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to iodine heptafluoride:^[6]

IF₅ + F₂ → IF₇

It has been used as a solvent for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of osmium hexafluoride to osmium pentafluoride with iodine is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:^[7]

10 OsF₆ + I₂ → 10 OsF₅ + 2 IF₅

Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming nitriles after hydrolysis.^[8]