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Interstate highway in California From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Interstate 880 (I-880) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway in the San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California. It runs from I-280 and State Route 17 (SR 17) in San Jose to I-80 and I-580 in Oakland, running parallel to the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay. For most of its route, I-880 is officially known as the Nimitz Freeway, after World War II fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz, who retired to the Bay Area. The northernmost five miles (8.0 km) is also commonly referred to as the Cypress Freeway, after the former alignment of the freeway and its subsequent replacement.
.svg) Interstate 880 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 I-880 highlighted in red | ||||
| Route information | ||||
| Auxiliary route of I-80 | ||||
| Maintained by Caltrans | ||||
| Length | 47.22 mi[1] (75.99 km) | |||
| Existed | 1984[2]–present | |||
| NHS | Entire route | |||
| Major junctions | ||||
| South end |   I-280 / SR 17 in San Jose | |||
| North end |   I-80 / I-580 in Oakland | |||
| Location | ||||
| Country | United States | |||
| State | California | |||
| Counties | Santa Clara, Alameda | |||
| Highway system | ||||
| ||||
The southern terminus of I-880 is at its interchange with I-280 and SR 17 in San Jose. From there, it heads roughly northeast past San Jose International Airport to US Route 101 (US 101). The Nimitz Freeway then turns northwest, running parallel to the southeastern shore of San Francisco Bay, connecting the cities of Milpitas, Fremont, Newark, Union City, Hayward, and San Leandro before reaching Oakland. In Oakland, I-880 passes by Oakland International Airport, Oakland Coliseum, the Port of Oakland, and Downtown Oakland. The northern terminus of I-880 is in Oakland at the junction with I-80 and I-580 (known as the MacArthur Maze), near the eastern approach of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
I-880 between I-238 in San Leandro and the MacArthur Maze is used as the main truck route; trucks over 4.5 short tons (4.1 t; 4.0 long tons) are prohibited through Oakland on I-580.[3]
I-880 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System[4] and is part of the National Highway System,[5] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).[6] Officially, the Nimitz Freeway designation is Route 880 from Route 101 to Route 80, as named by Senate Concurrent Resolution 23, Chapter 84 in 1958.[7]
Since the late 1990s, an infamous misconception for certain commuters and businesses in San Jose is that I-880 extends from I-280 to SR 85 in Los Gatos (which would extend the length to 50 miles [80 km]).
High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes along I-880 between the Milpitas–Fremont line at Dixon Landing Road and Lewelling Boulevard in San Lorenzo opened in October 2020. The southbound express lanes extend north to Hegenberger Road in Oakland and south to SR 237 in Milpitas.[8]
As of August 2022[update], the HOT lanes' hours of operation is weekdays between 5:00 am and 8:00 pm. Solo drivers are tolled using a congestion pricing system based on the real-time levels of traffic. Two-person carpools and clean air vehicles with a solo driver are charged 50 percent of the posted toll. Carpools with three or more people and motorcycles are not charged.[9] All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry either a FasTrak Flex or CAV (Clean Air Vehicle) transponder, with its switch set to indicate the number of the vehicle's occupants (one, two, three, or more). Solo drivers may also use the FasTrak standard tag without the switch.[9] Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for free.[10]
The state legislature added the proposed San Jose–Richmond East Shore Highway to the state highway system in 1933, and it became an extension of the previously short (San Rafael to the bay) Legislative Route (LRN) 69,[11][12] and part of Sign Route 13 (soon changed to 17) in 1934.[13] From San Jose, this route temporarily followed existing LRN 5 (present Oakland Road, Main Street, Milpitas Boulevard, and Warm Springs Boulevard) to SR 21 at Warm Springs and then continued along existing county roads and city streets,[14] now known as Fremont Boulevard, Alvarado Boulevard, Hesperian Boulevard, Lewelling Boulevard, Washington Avenue, 14th Street, 44th Avenue, 12th Street, 14th Avenue, 8th Street, and 7th Street, into Downtown Oakland. It then turned north at Cypress Street (now Mandela Parkway), passing through the MacArthur Maze and following a newly constructed alignment (signed as US 40) to El Cerrito.[15][16][17][18][19][20]
The first short piece of the new Eastshore Freeway opened to traffic on July 22, 1949, connecting Oak Street downtown with 23rd Avenue.[21][22] It was extended to 98th Avenue on June 1, 1950,[23] Lewelling Boulevard on June 13, 1952,[24] and Jackson Street (SR 92) on June 5, 1953.[25] At the San Jose end, the overlap with Route 5 between Bayshore Highway (US 101) and Warm Springs was bypassed on July 2, 1954.[26] Within Oakland, the double-decker Cypress Street Viaduct opened on June 11, 1957, connecting the freeway with the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.[27] The Oakland segment was extended south to Fremont Boulevard at Beard Road on November 14, 1957,[28] and the gap was filled on November 24, 1958,[29] soon after the state legislature named the highway after Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.[30] (The short spur to Route 5 at Warm Springs (now SR 262) remained in the state highway system as a branch of Route 69.[31]) As these sections opened, Sign Route 17 (and LRN 69) was moved from its old surface routing, which mostly became local streets. Other than Route 5 south of Warm Springs, the portion from San Leandro into Oakland was also kept as part of Route 105 (now SR 185).[32]
 U.S. Route 48 | |
|---|---|
| Location | French Camp–San Jose from 1926–1929 Lathrop–Hayward[33] from 1929–1931 |
| Existed | 1926–1931 |
.svg){kind=small} U.S. Route 101E | |
|---|---|
| Location | San Rafael–San Jose |
| Existed | 1929–1940s |
 State Route 17 | |
|---|---|
| Location | San Rafael–Santa Cruz |
| Existed | 1940s–1984 north of I-280 |
Prior to 1984, the route known as I-880 used to be part of SR 17, which was US 48[33] from current I-238 to US 101 from 1926 to 1931, then US 101E from 1929 to the mid-1930s. SR 17 used to run from Santa Cruz all the way through San Jose, Oakland, and then continued north via the Eastshore Freeway (I-80) through Richmond to the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge and San Rafael.
In 1984, the segment of SR 17 from I-280 in San Jose to the MacArthur Maze in Oakland was renumbered as I-880, and the portion of SR 17 from the MacArthur Maze to San Rafael was renumbered as part of I-580.
In 1947, construction commenced on a freeway to replace the street routing of SR 17 through the East Bay. The new freeway was named the "Eastshore Freeway", and, with the subsequent addition of a freeway to replace the Eastshore Highway north of the MacArthur Maze in the mid 1950s, it ran, appropriately, almost the entire length of the east shore of San Francisco Bay.[34][35][36] In 1958, following a joint resolution of the California State Legislature, the portion south of the MacArthur Maze was renamed the Nimitz Freeway in honor of WWII Admiral Nimitz, while the portion to the north retained the name Eastshore Freeway.[37] The formal dedication, with the participation of Admiral Nimitz, took place on August 12, 1958.[38]
 .svg){kind=small} U.S. Route 50 Business | |
|---|---|
| Location | Oakland–Castro Valley |
| Existed | ????–1964 |
The northern portion of I-880 was designated US 50 Business (US 50 Bus.) for a time between the I-80 interchange and Downtown Oakland.
Interstate 880 | |
|---|---|
| Location | West Sacramento–Sacramento |
| Existed | 1971–1983 |
From 1971 to 1983, I-880 was the original route designation for the Beltline Freeway, the northern bypass freeway for the Sacramento area. This freeway begins in West Sacramento as a fork from the original I-80, continues northeast over the Sacramento River to its interchange with I-5, continues east through the communities of North Sacramento and Del Paso Heights, and ends at an interchange with the Roseville Freeway (I-80). The now-designated Capital City Freeway was then the original I-80 routing, continuing southwest directly into Downtown Sacramento. I-80 was then rerouted along the Beltline Freeway in 1983, while the Capital City Freeway became I-80 Bus.
A large double-decker section in Oakland, known as the Cypress Street Viaduct, collapsed during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, causing 42 deaths; initial estimates were significantly higher, but, because many commuters on both sides of the bay had left early or stayed late to watch Game 3 of the San Francisco–Oakland World Series, the freeway was far less crowded than normal at the time of the quake.[39]
Due to environmental impact concerns, and the desire by the West Oakland community to reconnect the neighborhood with the rest of the city, among other reasons, a new route was selected along an industrial area and railroad yard around the outskirts of the neighborhood.[40] Although only about three miles (4.8 km) in length, the replacement freeway cost over $1.2 billion (equivalent to $1.97 billion in 2023[41]), and did not open until 1997 for several reasons: it crossed over and under the elevated Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line to San Francisco; it squeezed between a postoffice, the West Oakland station, the Port of Oakland, a railyard, and an East Bay Municipal Utility District sewage treatment plant; it occupied an entirely new right-of-way, which required the acquisition of large amounts of valuable industrial real estate near the Port of Oakland; and it had to be earthquake resistant.[42] The former path of the structure was then renamed Mandela Parkway, and the median where the freeway stood became a landscaped linear park.[40]
Several aspects of the I-880 facility have been constructed in designated floodplains such as the 1990 and 2004 interchange improvements at Dixon Landing Road. In that case, the FHWA was required to make a finding that there was no feasible alternative to the new ramp system as designed. In that same study, the FHWA produced an analysis to support the fact that adequate wetlands mitigation had been designed into the improvement project.[43]
Due to high sound levels generated from this highway and the relatively dense urban development in the highway corridor, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has conducted numerous studies to retrofit the right-of-way with noise barriers. This activity has occurred in Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Newark, and Fremont. During the 1989 widening of I-880 in parts of Newark and Fremont, scientific studies were conducted to determine the need for sound walls and to design optimum heights to achieve Federal noise standards.[44]
Between Coleman Avenue and 1st Street in San Jose, SR 87 (Guadalupe Freeway) crosses above I-880 without an interchange, making it the only point in California where two freeways cross without a connection.[45] Because of its proximity to the runways at San Jose International Airport, Caltrans cannot construct elevated ramps without them interfering with flight paths. Tunneling underneath to build underground ramps would also make a significant environmental impact to the nearby Guadalupe River.[45]
On April 29, 2007, a gasoline tanker overturned and caught fire on the connector between westbound I-80 and southbound I-880 on the MacArthur Maze interchange. The fire caused major damage to both this connector and one directly above (eastbound I-80 onto eastbound I-580). The overpass was replaced and reopened 27 days later. The governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, declared it as a state of emergency and all public transportation was free on the first commute day.[46]
Improvements to the I-280/I-880 and Stevens Creek Boulevard interchanges finished early 2015. Changes included breaking up the handful of ramps that both interchanges shared so they would be independent from one another. Construction began in late 2012 and the ramp from I-280 north to I-880 north opened in April 2015.[47]
The I-880 Corridor Improvement Project, one of the last seismic retrofit projects of a major transportation corridor in California, consisted of eight separate projects located in a 15-mile (24 km) segment of the freeway between Oakland and Hayward.[48][49]
The overall goal of the project was to improve the seismic safety of the corridor. After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Caltrans initiated Phase 1 of its seismic retrofit program. After the 1994 Northridge earthquake, Caltrans initiated Phase 2 of its seismic retrofit program, which included projects along the I-880 corridor.[50] Other goals include reducing traffic congestion and improving road quality.[51]
The individual projects included in the I-880 Corridor Improvement Project were retrofitting or replacing the 5th Avenue, 23rd Avenue, 29th Avenue, Fruitvale Avenue, and High Street bridges in Oakland; improvements to both the I-238 and SR 92 interchanges (the latter, a four-year project, completed in October 2011);[52] and an overall rehabilitation/repaving project along the entire segment. Construction began in 2006, although certain projects were completed in 2020. The total cost of the project is $462.7 million (equivalent to $673 million in 2023[41]), provided by federal, state, and regional funds.
| County | Location | mi[53] | km | Exit[53] | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santa Clara | San Jose | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1A |  SR 17 south – Santa Cruz | Continuation beyond I-280 |
| 0.00 | 0.00 | 1B | I-280 (Junipero Serra Freeway north, Sinclair Freeway south) – San Francisco, Downtown San Jose | Southern terminus; I-280 north exit 5C, south exit 5B; SR 17 north exits 27A-B; stack interchange. | ||
| 0.41 | 0.66 | 1C | Stevens Creek Boulevard, West San Carlos Street | |||
| 1.25 | 2.01 | 1D | Bascom Avenue – Santa Clara | Signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north) northbound | ||
| 2.08 | 3.35 | 2 |  SR 82 (The Alameda) – Santa Clara | |||
| 2.67 | 4.30 | 3 |  Coleman Avenue – Mineta San Jose International Airport | |||
| 3.20 | 5.15 | — |  SR 87 (Guadalupe Freeway) | Closed, as the proximity to both the Guadalupe River and San Jose International Airport makes the construction of ramps impractical | ||
| 3.57 | 5.75 | 4A | First Street – Downtown San Jose | |||
| 4.08 | 6.57 | 4B |  US 101 (Bayshore Freeway) – Los Angeles, San Francisco | Southbound access to US 101 north is via exit 4C/10th Street; signed as exits 4B (south) and 4C (north) northbound; US 101 exits 388B-C | ||
| 4.37 | 7.03 | 4D | Gish Road | Northbound signage | ||
| 4C |   To US 101 north (Old Bayshore Highway) / 10th Street – San Francisco | Southbound signage | ||||
| 5.34 | 8.59 | 5 | Brokaw Road | |||
| 6.70 | 10.78 | 7 | Montague Expressway (CR G4) | |||
| Milpitas | 7.69 | 12.38 | 8A | Great Mall Parkway, Tasman Drive | ||
| — | I-880 Express Lanes south ends | South end of southbound Express Lane | ||||
| 8.42 | 13.55 | 8B |  SR 237 (Calaveras Boulevard) / McCarthy Boulevard – Mountain View, Milpitas | Signed as exits 8B (east) and 8C (west) southbound. No southbound entrance from McCarthy Boulevard; SR 237 exits 9B-C | ||
| — |   SR 237 Express Lanes west – Mountain View | Express Lanes exit only; southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||||
| Santa Clara–Alameda county line | Milpitas–Fremont line | 10.41 | 16.75 | 10 | Dixon Landing Road | |
| — | I-880 Express Lanes north begins | South end of northbound Express Lane | ||||
| Alameda | Fremont | 12.26– 12.60 | 19.73– 20.28 | 12 |     SR 262 east (Mission Boulevard) to I-680 / Warren Avenue – Sacramento, Livermore | Signed as exits 12A (Mission Boulevard) and 12B (Warren Avenue) northbound |
| 13.49 | 21.71 | 13 | Fremont Boulevard South, Cushing Parkway | Formerly signed as exit 13B northbound | ||
| 14.94 | 24.04 | 15 | Auto Mall Parkway | |||
| Fremont–Newark line | 16.47 | 26.51 | 16 | Stevenson Boulevard | ||
| 17.42 | 28.03 | 17 | Mowry Avenue – Central Fremont | |||
| 19.07 | 30.69 | 19 |  SR 84 east (Thornton Avenue) – Central Newark | South end of SR 84 overlap; Central Newark not signed southbound | ||
| 20.53 | 33.04 | 21 | SR 84 west (Decoto Road) – Dumbarton Bridge | North end of SR 84 overlap | ||
| Union City | 21.71 | 34.94 | 22 | Fremont Boulevard North, Alvarado Boulevard | ||
| 23.28 | 37.47 | 23 | Alvarado Niles Road | |||
| 23.90 | 38.46 | 24 | Whipple Road, Industrial Parkway, Dyer Street | Dyer Street not signed northbound, Industrial Parkway not signed southbound | ||
| Hayward | 24.76 | 39.85 | 25 | Industrial Parkway | Northbound exit is via exit 24 | |
| 25.87 | 41.63 | 26 | Tennyson Road | |||
| 26.92 | 43.32 | 27 |  SR 92 (Jackson Street) – San Mateo Bridge | SR 92 exits 26A-B | ||
| 27.83 | 44.79 | 28 | Winton Avenue | |||
| 28.58 | 46.00 | 29 | A Street – San Lorenzo | San Lorenzo not signed southbound | ||
| San Lorenzo | 30.39 | 48.91 | 30 | Hesperian Boulevard | Northbound signage | |
| 30.55 | 49.17 | Lewelling Boulevard – San Lorenzo | Southbound signage | |||
| — | I-880 Express Lanes north ends | North end of northbound Express Lanes | ||||
| San Leandro | 30.91 | 49.74 | 31A |   I-238 south to I-580 – Castro Valley, Stockton | Signed as exit 31 southbound; I-238 exits 16A/17B | |
| 31.05 | 49.97 | 31B | Washington Avenue | Southbound exit is part of exit 31 | ||
| 33.06 | 53.20 | 33 | Marina Boulevard | Signed as exits 33A (east) and 33B (west) | ||
| 33.87 | 54.51 | 34 | Davis Street (SR 112) | |||
| Oakland | 34.97 | 56.28 | 35 | 98th Avenue – Oakland International Airport | ||
| 35.71 | 57.47 | 36 | Hegenberger Road – Oakland Coliseum, Oakland International Airport | |||
| — | I-880 Express Lanes south begins | North end of southbound Express Lanes | ||||
| 36.83 | 59.27 | 37 | 66th Avenue, Zhone Way – Oakland Coliseum | |||
| 37.94 | 61.06 | 38 | High Street (SR 77) – Alameda | |||
| 38.91 | 62.62 | 39A | 29th Avenue, Fruitvale Avenue | Replacement 29th Avenue overpass and new northbound exit ramp completed c. 2019 | ||
| 39.16 | 63.02 | 39B | 23rd Avenue – Alameda | Alameda not signed northbound | ||
| 40.03 | 64.42 | 40 | Embarcadero, Fifth Avenue, 16th Avenue | No northbound entrance; 16th Avenue not signed northbound; Fifth Avenue not signed southbound | ||
| 41.31 | 66.48 | 41A | Oak Street, Lakeside Drive | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 41.32 | 66.50 | — | Jackson Street | Northbound entrance only | ||
| 41.32 | 66.50 | 41B | Broadway – Downtown Oakland | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 41.91 | 67.45 | 42A |     I-980 east (Grove Shafter Freeway) to SR 24 – Walnut Creek | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 42.33 | 68.12 | 42B | Market Street – Harbor Terminal | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 43.02 | 69.23 | 42 | Broadway (to SR 61) – Alameda | New interchange added upon post-1989 Loma Prieta earthquake realignment; southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| — | 8th Street, Cypress Street | Closed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound exit only | ||||
| 43.73 | 70.38 | 44 | 7th Street, West Grand Avenue | Formerly also served Kirkham Street in pre-1989 earthquake alignment; northbound exit and southbound entrance; exit ramp added upon post-earthquake realignment | ||
| — | 14th Street – Downtown Oakland | Closed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound entrance and southbound exit | ||||
| — | Cypress Street, Peralta Street | Closed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was southbound exit only | ||||
| — | Cypress Street at 32nd Street | Closed in aftermath of 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake; was northbound entrance only | ||||
| 45.63 | 73.43 | 46A |   I-80 Toll west (Bay Bridge) – San Francisco | Northbound left exit and southbound entrance; southern end of MacArthur Maze; exit goes directly to the Bay Bridge toll plaza; I-80 exit 8A eastbound | ||
| 44 | West Grand Avenue, 7th Street | New interchange added upon post-1989 Loma Prieta earthquake realignment; southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||||
| 46B | I-80 east / I-580 west (Eastshore Freeway) – San Rafael, Sacramento | Northern terminus; northern end of MacArthur Maze; northbound exit and southbound entrance; no access to/from MacArthur Freeway (I-580 east); I-80 exit 8B westbound | ||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
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