Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988

The Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, also known as ICTA, was the foremost United Kingdom Act of Parliament concerned with taxation until the Income Tax Act 2007 and the Corporation Tax Act 2010. ICTA was enacted in order to consolidate a number of earlier legislative provisions covering taxation. Originally, ICTA primarily covered income tax (paid principally by individuals) and corporation tax (paid principally by companies). It is the longest Act of Parliament to have ever been written.^[1]

Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Long title	An Act to consolidate certain of the enactments relating to income tax and corporation tax, including certain enactments relating also to capital gains tax; and to repeal as obsolete section 339(1) of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 and paragraphs 3 and 4 of Schedule 11 to the Finance Act 1980.
Citation	1988 c. 1
Territorial extent	United Kingdom
Dates
Royal assent	9 February 1988
Commencement	For personal taxation tax year 1988-1989 and after For corporation taxation company accounting periods ending after 5 April 1988 Except ss. 96, 380 to 384, 393, 394, 400, 703 and 812
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

Overview

Section 660A

In its United Kingdom Tax Bulletin 64 (April 2003), the Inland Revenue (now HM Revenue and Customs) announced new guidance on the "settlements legislation". This is a body of law which seeks to prevent someone (known as the "settlor") from avoiding tax by reclassifying income as belonging to someone else (known as the beneficiary). The income is then taxed at the beneficiary's lower rate although the settlor continues to benefit from it. The legislation targets spouses and also parents seeking to divert income via their minor children.

Section 660A of the Act (added by the Finance Act 1995) covered this issue.^[2] Using the revised (April 2003) interpretation of s.660A, UK HMRC have been targeting businesses set up by spouses where they are aware that income is split between the spouses, and only one of them directly generates that income. In theory s.660A can apply to partnerships as well as limited companies, this has yet to be tested in the UK courts. In 2007 the interpretation was finally rejected by the Law Lords,^[3] resulting in the government proposing new legalisation to tackle the perceived abuse.

This section was repealed by the Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005 with effect from 6 April 2005.^[2]

Amendments

Following the Tax Law Rewrite Project, sections relating to income tax have been substituted by the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003, the Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005 and the Income Tax Act 2007. These acts have abolished the schedular system of taxation for income tax; however, the schedular system still applies for the purposes of corporation tax.

ICTA has also been frequently amended by the Finance Acts that are enacted annually in the UK.

Sections relating to the House of Commons Members' Fund were amended by the House of Commons Members' Fund Act 2016.

See also

• Capital Allowances Act 2001
• Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003
• Income Tax (Trading and Other Income) Act 2005
• Income Tax Act 2007
• List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Pensions in the United Kingdom
• Taxation in the United Kingdom
• Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992
• Umbrella company
• United Kingdom labour law

References

1. "Oldest surviving judicial code". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
2. UK Legislation, Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988, section 660A, accessed 16 May 2022
3. Jones v HM Inspector of Taxes [2005] EWCA Civ 1553 aka "Arctic Systems"

External links

• Text of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.