Idarubicin

Idarubicin /ˌaɪdəˈruːbɪsɪn/ or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inserts^[1] itself into DNA and prevents DNA unwinding by interfering with the enzyme topoisomerase II. It is an analog of daunorubicin, but the absence of a methoxy group increases its fat solubility and cellular uptake.^[2] Similar to other anthracyclines, it also induces histone eviction from chromatin.^[3]

Idarubicin

Clinical data
Other names	9-acetyl-7-(4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a691004
ATC code	L01DB06 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	97%
Elimination half-life	22 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name (1S,3S)-3-acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxo-α-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside
CAS Number	58957-92-9 Y
PubChem CID	42890
IUPHAR/BPS	7083
DrugBank	DB01177 Y
ChemSpider	39117 Y
UNII	ZRP63D75JW
KEGG	D08062 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:42068 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1117 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7023142
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C26H27NO9
Molar mass	497.500 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C2c1c(O)c5c(c(O)c1C(=O)c3ccccc23)C[C@@](O)(C(=O)C)C[C@@H]5O[C@@H]4O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)C4)C
InChI InChI=1S/C26H27NO9/c1-10-21(29)15(27)7-17(35-10)36-16-9-26(34,11(2)28)8-14-18(16)25(33)20-19(24(14)32)22(30)12-5-3-4-6-13(12)23(20)31/h3-6,10,15-17,21,29,32-34H,7-9,27H2,1-2H3/t10-,15-,16-,17-,21+,26-/m0/s1 Y Key:XDXDZDZNSLXDNA-TZNDIEGXSA-N Y
(verify)

It belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics.

It is currently combined with cytosine arabinoside as a first line treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.^[4]

It is used for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis.^[5]

It is distributed under the trade names Zavedos (UK) and Idamycin (USA).

Side effects

Diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting are common among patients treated with idarubicin.^[6]

References

1. Miller JP, Stoodley RJ (2013). "Studies directed towards anthracyclinone syntheses: The use of d-glucose as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions". J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 17: 29–42. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.02.019.
2. "Idamycin Package insert" (PDF). Pfizer. January 2006.
3. Pang B, Qiao X, Janssen L, Velds A, Groothuis T, Kerkhoven R, et al. (2013). "Drug-induced histone eviction from open chromatin contributes to the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin". Nature Communications. 4: 1908. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1908P. doi:10.1038/ncomms2921. PMC 3674280. PMID 23715267.
4. Arwanih EY, Louisa M, Rinaldi I, Wanandi SI (December 2022). "Resistance Mechanism of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Against Daunorubicin and Cytarabine: A Literature Review". Cureus. 14 (12): e33165. doi:10.7759/cureus.33165. PMC 9885730. PMID 36726936.
5. Katzung BG (2017-11-30). Basic & clinical pharmacology. McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9781259641152. OCLC 1009849139.
6. "Idarubicin Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.

External links

• Idarubicin bound to proteins in the PDB