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The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan, was the 12th Olympic Championship. Games were held at the Makomanai Ice Arena and at the Tsukisamu Indoor Skating Rink.[1] The Soviet Union won its fourth gold medal. The United States won the silver, while Czechoslovakia won the bronze. Canada did not send a team to the event for the first time since ice hockey was first competed at the Olympics in 1920, instead competing with and defeating the Soviets in a competition later that year known as the Summit Series.[2] Canada would not send a men's hockey team to the Olympics until 1980.
| |
| Tournament details | |
|---|---|
| Host country |  Japan |
| Dates | 3–13 February 1972 |
| Teams | 11 |
| Final positions | |
Champions  |  Soviet Union (4th title) |
Runner-up  |  United States |
Third place  |  Czechoslovakia |
| Fourth place |  Sweden |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Games played | 30 |
| Goals scored | 235 (7.83 per game) |
| Scoring leader(s) | Valeri Kharlamov (16 points) |
For the first time since ice hockey was introduced at the Olympic Games in 1920, Canada did not send a team to the 1972 Olympics after Canadian Minister of Health and Welfare John Munro announced the withdrawal of the team from all international competitions in response to the International Ice Hockey Federation opposition to allowing professional players at international competitions.[2] Canadian officials were frustrated that their best players, competing in the National Hockey League, were prevented from playing while Soviet players, who were "employees" of the industrial or military organizations that fielded "amateur" teams, were allowed to compete.[3] At that point, the Canadian men's ice hockey team was the most successful team in the world, having won six of the eleven tournaments previously contested, with medals in ten of the eleven tournaments (and a controversial post-tournament rule change denying them a perfect eleven medals). Canada would not compete internationally in hockey until 1977, when the IIHF adopted eligibility rules that allowed for professional players to compete.[2] Instead of competing internationally at the Olympics, Canadian officials helped organize a series of games against the Soviet Union in 1972 known as the Summit Series.
While the 1980 team had the celebrated "Miracle on Ice" and the 1960 US team had the "Forgotten Miracle", the 1972 team could be called the "completely overlooked miracle." The U.S. team was expected to finish 5th behind the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Sweden, and Finland. The Soviet and Czech teams were especially powerful as there was no distinction between amateurs and pros in communist countries; these teams were made up of seasoned professionals and were ranked 1 & 2 in the world. Valeri Kharlamov of the Soviet Union was considered one of the world's best players and experts agree he would have been a star in the NHL. The same can be said for Soviet goaltender Vladislav Tretiak. In fact, this was basically the same Soviet Team that played a Canadian team composed of NHL All Stars in the 1972 Summit Series that Canada narrowly won, 4–3–1.[4]
After qualifying for Group A by beating Switzerland 5–3, the U.S. lost as expected to Sweden, 5–1. Then they pulled off the upset of the tournament when they beat Czechoslovakia, 5–1. This surprising result was nearly as astonishing as the wins over the Soviets in 1960 and 1980. After losing as expected to the Soviet Union, the young Americans upset Finland. In the final games of the competition, the U.S. beat Poland while Finland beat Sweden and the Soviets beat the Czechs (in the game that decided the gold medal); those results boosted the U.S. from 4th to 2nd for an unexpected silver medal.[5]
Fourteen nations qualified, but East Germany, Romania and France all chose not to travel for primarily financial reasons. The remaining eleven nations were seeded according to their placement in the 1971 World Championships with first place (USSR) and the five winners to play in Group A to for 1st–6th places. The five losers played in Group B for 7th–11th places. 1971 ranking appears in parentheses.
First place team wins gold, second silver and third bronze.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soviet Union |
5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 13 | +20 | 9 |
| 2 | United States |
5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 15 | +3 | 6 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia |
5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 13 | +13 | 6 |
| 4 | Sweden |
5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 | 13 | +4 | 5 |
| 5 |  Finland |
5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 24 | −10 | 4 |
| 6 |  Poland |
5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 39 | −30 | 0 |
Teams, which lost their games in the qualification round, played in this group.
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 |  West Germany |
4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 10 | +12 | 6 |
| 8 |  Norway |
4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 14 | +2 | 6 |
| 9 | Japan |
4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 16 | +1 | 5 |
| 10 |  Switzerland |
4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 16 | −7 | 2 |
| 11 |  Yugoslavia |
4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 17 | −8 | 1 |
Gold medalists team USSR was the oldest team in the tournament, averaging 26 years and 4 months. Team USA was the youngest team in the tournament, averaging 23 years and 3 months. Tournament average was 25 years and 3 months.[6]
| Player | GP | G | A | Pts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valeri Kharlamov |
5 | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| Václav Nedomanský |
6 | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| Craig Sarner |
6 | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| Kevin Ahearn |
6 | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| Vladimir Vikulov |
5 | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| Aleksandr Maltsev |
5 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Jiří Kochta |
6 | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| Anatoli Firsov |
5 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Yuri Blinov |
5 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Richard Farda |
6 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
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