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Standard that defines codes for the representation of currencies From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual currencies and their minor units. This data is published in three tables:[1]
The first edition of ISO 4217 was published in 1978. The tables, history and ongoing discussion are maintained by SIX Group on behalf of ISO and the Swiss Association for Standardization.[2]
The ISO 4217 code list is used in banking and business globally. In many countries, the ISO 4217 alpha codes for the more common currencies are so well known publicly that exchange rates published in newspapers or posted in banks use only these to delineate the currencies, instead of translated currency names or ambiguous currency symbols. ISO 4217 alpha codes are used on airline tickets and international train tickets to remove any ambiguity about the price.
In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978), the related UN/ECE Group of Experts agreed that the three-letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade.
Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Such changes usually originate from the formation of new countries, treaties between countries on shared currencies or monetary unions, or redenomination from an existing currency due to excessive inflation. As a result, the list of codes must be updated from time to time. The ISO 4217 maintenance agency is responsible for maintaining the list of codes.[3]
In the case of national currencies, the first two letters of the alpha code are the two letters of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code and the third is usually the initial of the currency's main unit.[4] So Japan's currency code is JPY: "JP" for Japan and "Y" for yen. This eliminates the problem caused by the names dollar, franc, peso and pound being used in dozens of countries, each having significantly differing values. While in most cases the ISO code resembles an abbreviation of the currency's full English name, this is not always the case, as currencies such as the Algerian dinar, Aruban florin, Cayman dollar, renminbi, sterling and the Swiss franc have been assigned codes which do not closely resemble abbreviations of the official currency names.
In some cases, the third letter of the alpha code is not the initial letter of a currency unit name. There may be a number of reasons for this:
In addition to codes for most active national currencies ISO 4217 provides codes for "supranational" currencies, procedural purposes, and several things which are "similar to" currencies:
The use of an initial letter "X" for these purposes is facilitated by the ISO 3166 rule that no official country code beginning with X will ever be assigned.
The inclusion of EU (denoting the European Union) in the ISO 3166-1 reserved codes list allows the euro to be coded as EUR rather than assigned a code beginning with X, even though it is a supranational currency.
ISO 4217 also assigns a three-digit numeric code to each currency. This numeric code is usually the same as the numeric code assigned to the corresponding country by ISO 3166-1. For example, USD (United States dollar) has numeric code 840 which is also the ISO 3166-1 code for "US" (United States).
The following is a list of active codes of official ISO 4217 currency names as of 1 January 2024[update]. In the standard the values are called "alphabetic code", "numeric code", "minor unit", and "entity".
According to UN/CEFACT recommendation 9, paragraphs 8–9 ECE/TRADE/203, 1996:[21]
A number of currencies had official ISO 4217 currency codes and currency names until their replacement by another currency. The table below shows the ISO currency codes of former currencies and their common names (which do not always match the ISO 4217 names). That table has been introduced end 1988 by ISO.[22]
Code | Num | D[lower-alpha 1] | Currency | From | Until | Replaced by |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADP | 020 | 0 | Andorran peseta | 1869 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
AFA | 004 | 2 | Afghan afghani | 1925 | 2003 | AFN |
ALK | 008 | . | Old Albanian lek | 1946 | 1965 | |
AOK | 024 | 0 | Angolan kwanza | 1977-01-08 | 1990-09-24 | AON (AOA) |
AON | 024 | 0 | Angolan novo kwanza | 1990-09-25 | 1995-06-30 | AOR (AOA) |
AOR | 982 | 0 | Angolan kwanza reajustado | 1995-07-01 | 1999-11-30 | AOA |
ARA | 032 | 2 | Argentine austral | 1985-06-15 | 1991-12-31 | ARS |
ARP | 032 | 2 | Argentine peso argentino | 1983-06-06 | 1985-06-14 | ARA (ARS) |
ARY | 032 | . | Argentine peso ley | January 1970 | 1983-06-06 | ARP (ARS) |
ATS | 040 | 2 | Austrian schilling | 1945 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
AYM[lower-alpha 8] | 945 | 0 | Azerbaijani manat | |||
AZM | 031 | 2 | Azerbaijani manat | 1992-08-15 | 2006-01-01 | AZN |
BAD | 070 | 2 | Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar | 1992-07-01 | 1998-02-04 | BAM |
BEC | 993 | . | Belgian convertible franc (funds code) | 1990-05-01[25] | ||
BEF | 056 | 2 | Belgian franc | 1832 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
BEL | 992 | . | Belgian financial franc (funds code) | |||
BGJ | 100 | . | Bulgarian lev (first) | 1881 | 1952 | BGK |
BGK | 100 | . | Bulgarian lev (second) | 1952 | 1962 | BGL |
BGL | 100 | 2 | Bulgarian lev (third) | 1962 | 1999-08-31 | BGN |
BOP | 068 | 2 | Bolivian peso | 1963-01-01 | 1987-01-01 | BOB |
BRB | 076 | 2 | Brazilian cruzeiro | 1967 | 1986-02-28 | BRC (BRL) |
BRC | 076 | 2 | Brazilian cruzado | 1986-02-28 | 1989-01-15 | BRN (BRL) |
BRE | 076 | 2 | Brazilian cruzeiro | 1990-03-15 | 1993-08-01 | BRR (BRL) |
BRN | 076 | 2 | Brazilian cruzado novo | 1989-01-16 | 1990-03-15 | BRE (BRL) |
BRR | 987 | 2 | Brazilian cruzeiro real | 1993-08-01 | 1994-06-30 | BRL |
BUK | 104 | . | Burmese kyat | MMK | ||
BYB | 112 | 2 | Belarusian ruble | 1992 | 1999-12-31 | BYR (BYN) |
BYR | 974 | 0 | Belarusian ruble | 2000-01-01 | 2016-06-30 | BYN |
CHC | 948 | 2 | WIR franc (for electronic currency) | 2004–12 | CHW[26] | |
CSD | 891 | 2 | Serbian dinar | 2003-07-03 | 2006-10-25[27] | RSD |
CSJ | 203 | . | Czechoslovak koruna (second) | 1953 | CSK | |
CSK | 200 | Czechoslovak koruna | 1953 | 1993-02-08 | CZK/SKK (CZK/EUR) | |
CUC | 931 | 2 | Cuban convertible peso | 2022 | CUP | |
CYP | 196 | 2 | Cypriot pound | 1879 | 2006-01-01 | EUR |
DDM | 278 | East German mark | 1948-06-21 | 1990-07-01 | DEM (EUR) | |
DEM | 276[lower-alpha 9] | 2 | German mark | 1948 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
ECS | 218 | 0 | Ecuadorian sucre | 1884 | 2000-02-29 | USD |
ECV | 983 | 2 | Ecuador Unidad de Valor Constante (funds code) | 1993 | 2000-02-29 | — |
EEK | 233 | 2 | Estonian kroon | 1992 | 2011-01-01[29] | EUR |
ESA | 996 | Spanish peseta (account A) | 1978 | 1981 | ESP (EUR) | |
ESB | 995 | Spanish peseta (account B) | ? | 1994-12 | ESP (EUR) | |
ESP | 724 | 0 | Spanish peseta | 1869 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
FIM | 246 | 2 | Finnish markka | 1860 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
FRF | 250 | 2 | French franc | 1960 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
GEK | 268 | 0 | Georgian kuponi | 1993-04-05 | 1995-10-02 | GEL |
GHC | 288 | 2 | Ghanaian cedi | 1967 | 2007-07-01 | GHS |
GHP | 939 | 2 | Ghanaian cedi | 2007-06-18[30] | GHS | |
GNE | 324 | Guinean syli | 1971 | 1985-12-31 | GNF | |
GNS | 324 | . | Guinean syli | 1971 | 1985 | GNF |
GQE | 226 | Equatorial Guinean ekwele | 1975 | 1985-12-31 | XAF | |
GRD | 300 | 0, 2 | Greek drachma | 1954-05-01[31] | 2001-01-01[31] | EUR |
GWE | 624 | . | Guinean escudo | GWP | ||
GWP | 624 | 2 | Guinea-Bissau peso | 1975 | 1997-05-31 | XOF |
HRD | 191 | 2 | Croatian dinar | 1991-12-23 | 1994-05-30 | HRK |
HRK | 191 | 2 | Croatian kuna | 1994-05-30 | 2023-01-01 | EUR[32] |
IEP | 372 | 2 | Irish pound | 1938 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
ILP | 376 | 3, 2 | Israeli pound | 1948 | 1980-02-20 | ILR (ILS) |
ILR | 376 | 2 | Israeli shekel | 1980-02-24 | 1985-12-31 | ILS |
ISJ | 352 | 2 | Icelandic króna | 1922 | 1981-06-30 | ISK |
ITL | 380 | 0 | Italian lira | 1861 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
LAJ | 418 | Lao kip | 1965 | 1979-12-31 | LAK | |
LSM | 426 | . | Lesotho loti | |||
LTL | 440 | 2 | Lithuanian litas | 1993 | 2015-01-01 | EUR |
LTT | 440 | 2 | Lithuanian talonas[33] | LTL | ||
LUC | 989 | . | Luxembourg convertible franc (funds code) | |||
LUF | 442 | 2 | Luxembourg franc | 1944 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
LUL | 988 | . | Luxembourg financial franc (funds code) | |||
LVL | 428 | 2 | Latvian lats | 1993-03-05 | 2014-01-01 | EUR |
LVR | 428 | 2 | Latvian rublis | 1992-05-04 | 1993-03-05 | LVL |
MGF | 450 | 0 | Malagasy franc | 1963-07-01 | 2005-01-01 | MGA |
MLF | 466 | Malian franc | 1962 | 1984-01-01 | XOF | |
MRO | 478 | 2 | Mauritanian ouguiya | 1973-06-29 | 2018-01-01 | MRU |
MTL | 470 | 2 | Maltese lira | 1972-05-26[34] | 2006-01-01 | EUR |
MTP | 470 | . | Maltese pound | MTL | ||
MVQ | 462 | Maldivian rupee | ? | 1981-12-31 | MVR | |
MXP | 484 | Mexican peso | ? | 1993-03-31 | MXN | |
MZE | 508 | 2 | Mozambican escudo | 1914 | 1980 | MZN |
MZM | 508 | 2 | Mozambican metical | 1980 | 2006-06-30 | MZN |
NIC | 558 | 2 | Nicaraguan córdoba | 1988 | 1990-10-31 | NIO |
NLG | 528 | 2 | Dutch guilder | 1810s | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
PEH | 604 | Peruvian old sol | 1863 | 1985-02-01 | PEI (PEN) | |
PEI | 604 | Peruvian inti | 1985-02-01 | 1991-10-01 | PEN | |
PES | 604 | 2 | Peruvian sol | 1863 | 1985 | PEI[35] |
PLZ | 616 | 2 | Polish zloty | 1950-10-30 | 1994-12-31 | PLN |
PTE | 620 | 0 | Portuguese escudo | 1911-05-22 | 1999-01-01 | EUR |
RHD | 716 | 2 | Rhodesian dollar | 1970 | 1980 | ZWC |
ROK | 642 | . | Romanian leu (second) | 1947 | 1952 | ROL |
ROL | 642 | 0 | Romanian leu (third) | 1952-01-28 | 2005 | RON |
RUR | 810 | 2 | Russian ruble | 1992 | 1997-12-31 | RUB |
SDD | 736 | 2 | Sudanese dinar | 1992-06-08 | 2007-01-10 | SDG |
SDP | 736 | Sudanese old pound | 1956 | 1992-06-08 | SDD (SDG) | |
SIT | 705 | 2 | Slovenian tolar | 1991-10-08 | 2007-01-01[29] | EUR |
SKK | 703 | 2 | Slovak koruna | 1993-02-08 | 2009-01-01[29] | EUR |
SLL | 694 | 2 | Sierra Leonean leone (old leone)[12][13][14][36] | ![]() | ||
SRG | 740 | 2 | Surinamese guilder | 1942 | 2004 | SRD |
STD | 678 | 2 | São Tomé and Príncipe dobra | 1977 | 2018-04-01 | STN |
SUR | 810 | Soviet Union ruble | 1961 | 1991-12-26 | RUR (RUB/AMD/AZN/BYN/EUR/GEL/KZT/KGS/MDL/TJS/TMT/UAH/UZS) | |
TJR | 762 | 0 | Tajikistani ruble | 1995-05-10 | 2000-10-30 | TJS |
TMM | 795 | 2 | Turkmenistani manat | 1993-11-1 | 2008-12-31 | TMT |
TPE | 626 | 0 | Portuguese Timorese escudo | 1959 | 1976 | USD |
TRL | 792 | 0 | Turkish lira | 1923 | 2005-12-31 | TRY |
UAK | 804 | 2 | Ukrainian karbovanets | 1992-10-1 | 1996-09-01 | UAH |
UGS | 800 | Ugandan shilling | 1966 | 1987-12-31 | UGX | |
UGW | 800 | Old Shilling | 1989 | 1990 | Uganda | |
USS | 998 | 2 | United States dollar (same day) (funds code)[37] | ? | 2014-03-28[38] | — |
UYN | 858 | 2 | Uruguay peso | 1896 | 1975-07-01 | UYP |
UYP | 858 | Uruguay new peso | 1975-07-01[39] | 1993-03-01 | UYU | |
VEB | 862 | 2 | Venezuelan bolívar | 1879-03-31 | 2008-01-01 | VEF (VES) |
VEF | 937 | 2 | Venezuelan bolívar fuerte | 2008-01-01 | 2018-08-20[11] | VES |
VNC | 704 | . | Old Vietnamese dong | |||
XEU | 954 | 0 | European Currency Unit | 1979-03-13 | 1998-12-31 | EUR |
XFO | ... | Gold franc (special settlement currency) | 1803 | 2003 | XDR | |
XFU | ... | . | UIC franc (special settlement currency) | ? | 2013-11-07[40] | EUR |
XRE | ... | . | RINET funds code[41] | |||
YDD | 720 | South Yemeni dinar | 1965 | 1996-06-11 | YER | |
YUD | 890 | 2 | Yugoslav dinar | 1966-01-01 | 1989-12-31 | YUN (MKD/RSD/EUR/HRK/BAM) |
YUM | 891 | 2 | Yugoslav dinar | 1994-01-24 | 2003-07-02 | CSD (RSD/EUR) |
YUN | 890 | 2 | Yugoslav dinar | 1990-01-01 | 1992-06-30 | YUR (MKD/RSD/EUR/HRK/BAM) |
ZAL | 991 | 2 | South African financial rand (funds code) | 1985-09-01 | 1995-03-13 | — |
ZMK | 894 | 2 | Zambian kwacha | 1968-01-16[42] | 2013-01-01 | ZMW |
ZRN | 180 | 2 | Zairean new zaire | 1993 | 1997 | CDF |
ZRZ | 180 | 2 | Zairean zaire | 1967 | 1993 | ZRN (CDF) |
ZWC | 716 | 2 | Rhodesian dollar | 1970-02-17 | 1980 | ZWD (USD/ZWL) |
ZWD | 716 | 2 | Zimbabwean dollar (first) | 1980-04-18 | 2006-07-31 | ZWN (USD/ZWL) |
ZWN | 942 | 2 | Zimbabwean dollar (second) | 2006-08-01 | 2008-07-31 | ZWR (USD/ZWL) |
ZWR | 935 | 2 | Zimbabwean dollar (third) | 2008-08-01 | 2009-02-02 | ZWL[lower-alpha 7] (USD/ZWL) |
The 2008 (7th) edition of ISO 4217 says the following about minor units of currency:
Requirements sometimes arise for values to be expressed in terms of minor units of currency. When this occurs, it is necessary to know the decimal relationship that exists between the currency concerned and its minor unit. This information has therefore been included in this International Standard and is shown in the column headed "Minor unit" in Tables A.1 and A.2; "0" means that there is no minor unit for that currency, whereas "1", "2" and "3" signify a ratio of 10:1, 100:1 and 1000:1 respectively. The names of the minor units are not given.
Examples for the ratios of 100:1 and 1000:1 include the United States dollar and the Bahraini dinar, for which the column headed "Minor unit" shows "2" and "3", respectively. As of 2021[update], two currencies have non-decimal ratios, the Mauritanian ouguiya and the Malagasy ariary; in both cases the ratio is 5:1. For these, the "Minor unit" column shows the number "2". Some currencies, such as the Burundian franc, do not in practice have any minor currency unit at all. These show the number "0", as with currencies whose minor units are unused due to negligible value.[citation needed]
The ISO standard does not regulate either the spacing, prefixing or suffixing in usage of currency codes. The style guide of the European Union's Publication Office declares that, for texts issued by or through the Commission in English, Irish, Latvian and Maltese, the ISO 4217 code is to be followed by a "hard space" (non-breaking space) and the amount:[43]
and for texts in Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish and Swedish the order is reversed; the amount is followed by a non-breaking space and the ISO 4217 code:
As illustrated, the order is determined not by the currency but by the native language of the document context.
The US dollar has two codes assigned: USD and USN ("US dollar next day"). The USS (same day) code is not in use any longer, and was removed from the list of active ISO 4217 codes in March 2014.
A number of active currencies do not have an ISO 4217 code, because they may be:
These currencies include:
See Category:Fixed exchange rate for a list of all currently pegged currencies.
Despite having no presence or status in the standard, three letter acronyms that resemble ISO 4217 coding are sometimes used locally or commercially to represent de facto currencies or currency instruments.
Unofficial code | ISO 4217 code | D[lower-alpha 1] | Currency | Locations using this currency | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BDS[45][lower-alpha 10] | BBD | 2 | Barbados dollar | Barbados | The Government of Barbados and Central Bank of Barbados sometimes use the abbreviation "BDS" rather than the official ISO 4217 "BBD". BDS conflicts with ISO 4217, because BD is reserved for Bangladesh. |
CNH[46] | — | 2 | Renminbi (offshore) | Hong Kong | The code CNH is used to represent the Renminbi in offshore trading, especially offshore trading involving Hong Kong. See Offshore Renminbi (CNH). The USD/CNY rate and the USD/CNH rate are, usually, different.[47] |
CNT[48] | — | 2 | Renminbi (offshore) | Taiwan | The code CNT is used to represent the Renminbi in offshore trading, especially offshore trading involving Taiwan. See Other markets. |
GGP[49] | — | 2 | Guernsey pound | Guernsey | |
IMP[49] | — | 2 | Manx pound | Isle of Man | |
JEP[49] | — | 2 | Jersey pound | Jersey | |
KID[50] | — | 2 | Kiribati dollar | Kiribati | |
NIS[51] | ILS | 2 | Israeli shekel | Israel | NIS stands for New Israeli Shekel, the currency that replaced the first Israeli shekel due to hyperinflation. NIS conflicts with ISO 4217, because NI stands for Nicaragua. |
NTD[52] | TWD | 2 | New Taiwan dollar | Taiwan | |
PRB[53] | — | 2 | Transnistrian ruble | Transnistria | Transnistria is an unrecognised state and is de facto rather than de jure independent. PRB conflicts with ISO 4217, because PR stands for Puerto Rico. |
SLS[54] | — | 2 | Somaliland shilling | Somaliland | Somaliland is an unrecognised state and is de facto rather than de jure independent. SLS conflicts with ISO 4217, because SL stands for Sierra Leone. |
STG[55] | GBP | 2 | Sterling | United Kingdom | STG stands for STerlinG, the official name of the United Kingdom's currency, of which the pound is the main unit. While not an ISO code, "STG" is nonetheless the CHAPS real-time gross settlement and clearing code for sterling recognized by SWIFT. It is listed in ISO 20022 as a registered external code used by SWIFT.[56] STG conflicts with ISO 4217, because ST stands for São Tomé and Príncipe. |
RMB | CNY | 2 | Renminbi | Mainland China | RMB stands for RenMinBi, the official name of the Chinese currency, of which the yuan is the main unit. RMB conflicts with ISO 4217 because RM is reserved for Madagascar. |
TVD[49] | — | 2 | Tuvalu dollar | Tuvalu | TV is the ISO 3166 two-letter code for Tuvalu |
ZWB[57] | — | 2 | Zimbabwean bonds | Zimbabwe | Also known as the RTGS Dollar. |
The following non-ISO codes were used in the past.
Unofficial code | ISO 4217 code | D[lower-alpha 1] | Currency | Locations that used this currency | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADF | — | 2 | Andorran franc | Andorra | De facto currency used until January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (EUR).[58] |
ARL | ARY | 2 | Argentine peso ley | Argentina | Used from January 1970 to May 1983, when it was replaced by the Argentine peso argentino (ARP).[59] |
MAF[lower-alpha 11] | — | 2 | Malian franc | Mali | Used from 1962 to 1984. The code MAF was formerly noted in ISO 4217, but was amended to MLF on 2007-06-18.[lower-alpha 11] |
MCF | — | 2 | Monégasque franc | Monaco | Used until January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (EUR).[62] |
MKN | — | first denar | North Macedonia | Used from January 1990 through 1993, when it was replaced by the second denar (MKD).[63] | |
SML | — | 0 | San Marinese lira | San Marino | Used until January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (EUR).[64] |
VAL | — | 0 | Vatican lira | Vatican City | Used until January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (EUR).[65] |
YUG | — | 2 | Yugoslav dinar | Yugoslavia | Re-denomination used in January 1994 until it was replaced by the novi dinar (YUM).[66] |
YUO | — | 2 | Yugoslav dinar | Yugoslavia | Re-denomination used from October–December 1993, when it was again re-denominated (YUG).[67] |
YUR | — | 2 | Reformed Yugoslav dinar | Yugoslavia[lower-alpha 12] | Revaluation used from July 1992 to September 1993 until re-denomination (YUO).[68] |
Minor units of currency (also known as currency subdivisions or currency subunits) are often used for pricing and trading stocks and other assets, such as energy,[69] but are not assigned codes by ISO 4217. Two conventions for representing minor units are in widespread use:
A third convention is similar to the second one but uses an upper-case letter, e.g. ZAC[73] for the South African Cent.
Cryptocurrencies have not been assigned an ISO 4217 code.[74] However, some cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency exchanges use a three-letter acronym that resemble an ISO 4217 code.
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