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International Standard IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages, defines a set of standard voltages for use in low voltage and high voltage AC and DC electricity supply systems.
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (March 2017) |
| IEC voltage range | AC RMS voltage (V) |
DC voltage (V) | Defining risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| High voltage | > 1,000 | > 1,500 | Electrical arcing |
| Low voltage | 50 to 1,000 | 120 to 1,500 | Electrical shock |
| Extra-low voltage | < 50 | < 120 | Electrical fire |
Where two voltages are given below separated by "/", the first is the root-mean-square voltage between a phase and the neutral connector, whereas the second is the corresponding root-mean-square voltage between two phases (exception: the category shown below called "One Phase", where 240 V is the root-mean-square voltage between the two legs of a split phase). The three-phase voltages are for use in either four-wire (with neutral) or three-wire (without neutral) systems.
Three-phase 50 Hz
- 230 V / 400 V (formerly 220/380 V)
- 400 V / 690 V (formerly 380/660 V)
- 1000 V phase to phase (3 wire)
Suppliers using 220 V / 380 V or 240 V / 415 V systems were expected by the standard to migrate to the recommended value of 230 V / 400 V by the year 2003. This migration has already been largely completed, at least within the European Union.
Voltage conversion schedule
| Year | Neutral-Phase [V] / Phase-Phase [V] | Tolerances[1] |
|---|---|---|
| — 1987 | 220 V / 380 V | – 10% .. + 10% |
| 1988 — 2003 | 230 V / 400 V | – 10% .. + 6% |
| 2003 — | 230 V / 400 V | – 10% .. + 10% |
Three-phase 60 Hz
- 120 V / 208 V
- 240 V
- 230 V / 400 V
- 277 V / 480 V
- 480 V
- 347 V / 600 V
- 600 V / 1000 V
One-phase, three-wire 60 Hz (American split-phase)
- 120 V / 240 V
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Table 3 of IEC 60038 lists nominal voltages above 1 kV and not exceeding 35 kV. There are two series, one from 3 kV up to 35 kV
Table 4 shows nominal voltages above 35 kV and not exceeding 230 kV.
Table 5 is systematically different, as the highest voltage for equipment is the characteristic value exceeding 245 kV. The enumeration begins at 300 kV and ends with 1200 kV.
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