Hypohippus

Hypohippus (Greek: "under" (hypos), "horse" (hippos)^[1]) is an extinct genus of three-toed horse, which lived 17–11 million years ago.^[2] It was the largest anchitherine equid about the size of a modern domestic horse, at 403–600 kg (888–1,323 lb)^[3][4] and 1.8 m (5.9 ft) long. It was a long-necked, high-shouldered browser with sub-hypsodont, lophodont (rhino-like) dentition, that fed on the tough vegetation of forest understory and shrubs. Its deep preorbital fossae and retraction of the nasal notch hint at the presence of a long, muscular and prehensile upper lip that would aid during selective browsing. Overall its ecology would have been more comparable to modern okapi than to grazing horses.^[5] Fossils of it have been found in Nebraska, Colorado, and Montana.^[6][7]

• 
  20th century restoration by Heinrich Harder.
• 
  Life restoration showing a prominent, prehensile upper lip.

Hypohippus Temporal range: Barstovian-Clarendonian ~15.97–10.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Hypohippus osborni skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Equidae
Subfamily:	†Anchitheriinae
Genus:	†Hypohippus Leidy, 1858
Species
H. affinis Leidy 1858 H. osborni

References

1. "Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
2. Janis, C. M.; Damuth, J.; Theodor, J. M. (2002). "The origins and evolution of the North American grassland biome: The story from the hoofed mammals". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 177 (1–2): 183–198. Bibcode:2002PPP...177..183J. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00359-5.
3. Bruce J. MacFadden (1992). Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology, and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 0521477085. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
4. Christine M. Janis (1998). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial, Carnivores, Ungulates and Ungulate-like mammals. Cambridge University Press. p. 545. ISBN 9780521355193. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
5. Evans, J. W.; Bennett, Debb (2008). The Elsevier World Animal Science Encyclopedia (PDF). pp. 1–37.
6. Hypohippus
7. "Hypohippus". Florida Museum. 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2021-08-14.