Hymenoxys (rubberweed or bitterweed) is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America.[3][1][4] It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.[1]
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Plants of this genus are toxic to sheep due to the presence of the sesquiterpene lactone hymenoxon.[5][6][7]
- Species[2][8][9][10][11]
- Hymenoxys ambigens - Pinaleno Mountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys anthemoides - Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
- Hymenoxys biennis - Utah
- Hymenoxys bigelovii - Utah Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys brachyactis - East View rubberweed - New Mexico
- Hymenoxys brandegeei - Arizona New Mexico Colorado
- Hymenoxys cabrerae - Argentina
- Hymenoxys californica - California, Baja California
- Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides - San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Zacatecas, México State, Puebla, Oaxaca, Hidalgo
- Hymenoxys cooperi - Cooper's rubberweed - California Nevada Arizona Utah Idaho Oregon New Mexico
- Hymenoxys grandiflora - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho
- Hymenoxys helenioides - intermountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah
- Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl claws - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho Oregon Nevada California
- Hymenoxys insignis - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua
- Hymenoxys jamesii - Arizona
- Hymenoxys lemmonii - Lemmon's rubberweed - Arizona Oregon Nevada California
- Hymenoxys multiflora - Texas New Mexico
- Hymenoxys mutica - California
- Hymenoxys odorata - bitter rubberweed - California Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Colorado Kansas Maine South Carolina Alabama, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
- Hymenoxys quinquesquamata - rincon rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys richardsonii - pingue rubberweed, Colorado rubberweed - Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana Idaho Wyoming Utah Colorado New Mexico Arizona Texas Nebraska North Dakota Nevada
- Hymenoxys robusta - Bolivia, Argentina, Peru
- Hymenoxys rusbyi - Arizona New Mexico
- Hymenoxys subintegra - Arizona rubberweed - Arizona Utah
- Hymenoxys texana - prairie dawn - Texas
- Hymenoxys tweediei - Argentina
- Hymenoxys vaseyi - Texas New Mexico
- formerly included[11]
Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
Pfeiffer, F. A. and M. C. Calhoun. (1987). Effects of environmental, site, and phenological factors on hymenoxon content of bitterweed, Hymenoxys odorata. Journal of Animal Science 65 1553-62.
Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
