Hungarian nationalism

Hungarian nationalism (Hungarian: magyar nacionalizmus) developed in the late 18th century^[1][2] and early 19th century along the classic lines of scholarly interest leading to political nationalism and mass participation.^[3][4] In the 1790s, Hungarian nobles pushed for the adoption of Hungarian as the official language rather than Latin.^[1][2] This conflicted with Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II's declaration of German as the administrative language.^[5] The lower Hungarian nobility launched a literary renaissance of the Hungarian language and culture, often questioning the loyalty of the magnates, less than half of whom were ethnic Hungarians, and many of these had become French- and German-speaking courtiers.^[5] Following the successful revival of the Hungarian language in the first half of the 19th century, and the suppressed Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 finally elevated the status of the Hungarian nation to equality with Austria.^[5]

Flag of Hungary

Hungarian Parliament Building.

Parties

Current

• Fidesz^[6][7][8]
• Jobbik^[9] (2003–2020)
• Our Homeland Movement^[10] (2018–present)

Former (After 1989: End of communism in Hungary)

• People of the Orient Party – Christian Democrats^[11] (1989–1998)
• Party of the Hungarian Interest^[12] (1993–2005)
• Hungarian Justice and Life Party^[13] (1993–2021) (merged with Our Homeland Movement^[14])

Former (Before 1945)

• Unity Party (1922–1944)
• Hungarian National Independence Party (1923–1928)
• Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party^[15][16] (1932–1945)
• Arrow Cross Party^[17] (1935–1945)
• Christian National Socialist Front^[18] (1937–1940)
• United Hungarian National Socialist Party^[19] (1936–1940)
• National Front^[18] (1936–1939)

Movements

• Magyar Gárda (2007–2009), see also Magyar Nemzeti Gárda
• Force and Determination^[20] (2017–present)
• Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement^[21] (2001–present)
• Pax Hungarica Movement^[22][23] (2008–2017)
• Hungarian National Defence Association or "Véderő"^[24] (2007–2011)
• Hungarian National Front^[25][26] (1989–2016)
• Civil Guard Association for a Better Future^[27] (2011–2014)^[28]
• Magyar Önvédelmi Mozgalom^[28] (2014–present)
• Magyar Nemzeti Gárda^[29] (2010–present)
• Betyársereg^[30]
• Legio Hungaria^[31]

See also

• Doctrine of the Holy Crown
• Hungarian irredentism
• Hungarian Revolution of 1848
• Hungarian Turanism
• Magyarization
• National symbols of Hungary
• National conservatism
• Right-wing populism
• Trianon Syndrome
• Magyar Sziget