Hugo Kraas

Hugo Gottfried Kraas (25 January 1911 – 20 February 1980) was a German SS commander during World War II. He served in the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and was the last commander of the SS Division Hitlerjugend. Kraas was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Following the war, Kraas was investigated by Italian and West German authorities for the murder of Italian Jews in 1943.

Hugo Gottfried Kraas
Born	(1911-01-25)25 January 1911 Witten, German Empire
Died	20 February 1980(1980-02-20) (aged 69) Selk, West Germany
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service / branch	Waffen-SS
Years of service	1935–1945
Rank	SS-Brigadeführer
Commands	SS Division Hitlerjugend
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
Signature

Career

Born in 1911, Kraas became a member of the Nazi Party and the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1934; in 1938 he was posted to the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). With the LSSAH, Kraas took part in the invasion of Poland where he was awarded the Iron Cross second class. He was awarded the Iron Cross first class following the Battle of the Netherlands.^[1] He took part in the Balkan Campaign and Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. In December 1941, Kraas received the German Cross in Gold. In 1943, he took part in the Third Battle of Kharkov. For his role in this operation he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in March 1943. He received the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross in January 1944.^[2] Kraas died in 1980.

War crimes

Along with other members of LSSAH, Kraas was investigated for the murder of several dozens of Italian Jews on 25 September 1943 in Italy. He was tried in absentia in Italy in 1955 and was found guilty. The investigation also took place in West Germany in 1965 but stalled for "lack of evidence".^[3] According to a report in 2020, Kraas remained a convinced supporter of Nazism until his death. He was an active member of HIAG, a lobbyist group for Waffen-SS veterans.^[4]

Awards

• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (16 October 1939) & 1st Class (25 May 1940)^[1]
• German Cross in Gold on 26 December 1941 as SS-Hauptsturmführer in the Aufklärungs-Abteilung "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"^[5]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
  • Knight's Cross on 28 March 1943 as SS-Sturmbannführer and commander of the I./2. SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment/Panzergrenadier-Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"^[2]
  • Oak Leaves on 24 January 1944 as SS-Obersturmbannführer and commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 2 "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"^[2]

References

Notes

1. Thomas 1997, p. 398.
2. Scherzer 2007, p. 468.
3. Danny Parker: Hitler's Warrior^{[permanent dead link‍]}
4. In der Obhut von Nazis bei: tagesschau.de vom 10. August 2020.
5. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 249.

Bibliography

• Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
• Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.

Military offices
Preceded by SS-Brigadeführer Fritz Kraemer	Commander of 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend 13 November 1944 – 8 May 1945	Succeeded by dissolved on 8 May 1945