Hugo Award for Best Fanzine

The Hugo Award for Best Fanzine is given each year for non professionally edited magazines, or "fanzines", related to science fiction or fantasy which has published four or more issues with at least one issue appearing in the previous calendar year.^[1] Awards were also once given out for professional magazines in the professional magazine category, and since 1984 have been awarded for semi-professional magazines in the semiprozine category; several magazines that were nominated for or won the fanzine category have gone on to be nominated for or win the semiprozine category since it was established. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction" and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing".^[2][3]

Hugo Award for Best Fanzine
Awarded for	The best non-professional magazine devoted primarily to science fiction or fantasy
Presented by	World Science Fiction Society
First awarded	1955
Most recent winner	Nerds of a feather, flock together (Roseanna Pendlebury, Arturo Serrano, Paul Weimer, Joe Sherry, Adri Joy, G. Brown, Vance Kotrla)
Website	thehugoawards.org

Ira and Susan accepting the 2017 Hugo Award for Best Fanzine for Lady Business

The award was first presented in 1955, and has been given annually since except for in 1958. A "fanzine" is defined for the award as a magazine that does not meet the Hugo award's criteria for a professional or semi-professional magazine. Specifically, it must meet less than two of the five Hugo criteria for consideration as a semiprozine: that the magazine had an average press run of at least one thousand copies per issue, paid its contributors and/or staff in other than copies of the publication, provided at least half the income of any one person, had at least fifteen percent of its total space occupied by advertising, and announced itself to be a semiprozine.^[4] This is the oldest long-running Hugo award for fan activity; in 1967 Hugo Awards were added specifically for fan writing and fan art. In addition to the regular Hugo awards, beginning in 1996 Retrospective Hugo Awards, or "Retro Hugos", have been available to be awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years prior in which no awards were given.^[5] To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954, and the fanzine category has been included each year.^[6]

During the 77 nomination years, including Retro Hugo years, 141 magazines run by hundreds of editors have been nominated. Of these, 44 magazines have won, including ties. File 770 and Locus have each won 8 times, the most wins of any magazine. File 770 also holds the record for most nominations at 31; Locus has been nominated 13 times. Mimosa has won 6 of 14 nominations, Ansible has won 5 out of 11, and Science Fiction Review has won 4 of 12; they are the only other magazines to win more than twice. Challenger has the most nominations without winning at 12; the next highest is FOSFAX with 7. As editor of Locus Charles N. Brown has won 8 of 13 nominations, though he shared 8 of those awards with Dena Brown. Richard E. Geis has won 6 of 15 nominations for his work on Science Fiction Review, Psychotic, and The Alien Critic; Mike Glyer has won 8 of 31 for editing File 770; David Langford has won 5 of 12 for work on Ansible and Twil-Ddu; and Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch have both won 6 of 14 nominations for Mimosa; Christopher J Garcia has been nominated 18 times for both The Drink Tank and Journey Planet, winning once for each, with James Bacon appearing on 15 of those nominations. Guy H. Lillian III has the most nominations without winning at 12 for Challenger.

Selection

Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie. The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated. The 1955 and 1956 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1957 all of the candidates were recorded.^[5] Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held.^[7] Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations.^[8] Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.^[9][10]

Winners and nominees

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the work was first published. Each date links to the "year in literature" article corresponding with when the work was eligible. Entries with a yellow background won the award for that year; those with a gray background are the other nominees on the short-list.

Note that six magazines are listed under multiple names: Psychotic was later renamed to Science Fiction Review, Zenith was renamed to Zenith Speculation and later to Speculation, Algol was renamed to Starship, Tangent was renamed to Tangent Online when it switched from a print magazine to an online one, and Cry of the Nameless, a club bulletin for "The Nameless Ones", was renamed to Cry when it began publishing more general material. No other magazines have been nominated under multiple names.^[11][12][13] Those magazines are sorted under the first name they were nominated as.

  *   Winners and joint winners

Winners and nominees

Year	Work	Editor(s)	Ref.
1955	Fantasy-Times*	James V. Taurasi, Sr. and Ray Van Houten	[14]
1956	Inside*	Ron Smith	[15]
	Science Fiction Advertiser*	Ron Smith	[15]
	A Bas	Boyd Raeburn	[15]
	Fantasy-Times	James V. Taurasi, Sr. and Ray Van Houten	[15]
	Grue	Dean Grennell	[15]
	Hyphen	Walt Willis and Chuck Harris	[15]
	Oblique	Cliff Gould	[15]
	Peon	Charles Lee Riddle	[15]
	Psychotic	Richard E. Geis	[15]
	Sky Hook	Redd Boggs	[15]
1957	Science-Fiction Times*	James V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto Jr.	[16]
	Hyphen	Walt Willis and Chuck Harris	[16]
	Inside	Ron Smith	[16]
1959	Fanac*	Terry Carr and Ron Ellik	[17]
	Cry of the Nameless	F. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber	[17]
	Hyphen	Walt Willis and Chuck Harris	[17]
	JD-Argassy	Lynn A. Hickman	[17]
	Science-Fiction Times	James V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto Jr.	[17]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[17]
1960	Cry of the Nameless*	F. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber	[18]
	Fanac	Terry Carr and Ron Ellik	[18]
	JD-Argassy	Lynn A. Hickman	[18]
	Science-Fiction Times	James V. Taurasi, Sr., Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto Jr.	[18]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[18]
1961	Who Killed Science Fiction?*	Earl Kemp	[19]
	Discord	Redd Boggs	[19]
	Fanac	Terry Carr and Ron Ellik	[19]
	Habakkuk	Bill Donaho	[19]
	Shangri L'Affaires	Bjo Trimble and John Trimble	[19]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[19]
1962	Warhoon*	Richard Bergeron	[20]
	Amra	George H. Scithers	[20]
	Axe	Larry T. Shaw and Noreen Shaw	[20]
	Cry	F. M. Busby, Elinor Busby, and Wally Weber	[20]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[20]
1963	Xero*	Richard A. Lupoff and Pat Lupoff	[21]
	Mirage	Jack L. Chalker	[21]
	Shangri L'Affaires	Fred Patten, Albert Lewis, Bjo Trimble, and John Trimble	[21]
	Warhoon	Richard Bergeron	[21]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[21]
1964	Amra*	George H. Scithers	[22]
	ERB-dom	Camille Cazedessus, Jr.	[22]
	Starspinkle	Ron Ellik	[22]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[22]
1965	Yandro*	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[23]
	Double: Bill	Bill Bowers and Bill Mallardi	[23]
	Zenith	Peter R. Weston	[23]
1966	ERB-dom*	Camille Cazedessus, Jr.	[24]
	Double: Bill	Bill Bowers and Bill Mallardi	[24]
	Niekas	Edmund R. Meskys and Felice Rolfe	[24]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[24]
	Zenith Speculation	Peter R. Weston	[24]
1967	Niekas*	Edmund R. Meskys and Felice Rolfe	[25]
	Australian SF Review	John Bangsund	[25]
	Lighthouse	Terry Carr	[25]
	Habakkuk	Bill Donaho	[25]
	Riverside Quarterly	Leland Sapiro	[25]
	Trumpet	Tom Reamy	[25]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[25]
1968	Amra*	George H. Scithers	[26]
	Australian SF Review	John Bangsund	[26]
	Lighthouse	Terry Carr	[26]
	ODD	Raymond Fisher	[26]
	Psychotic	Richard E. Geis	[26]
	Yandro	Robert Coulson and Juanita Coulson	[26]
1969	Science Fiction Review*	Richard E. Geis	[27]
	Riverside Quarterly	Leland Sapiro	[27]
	Shangri L'Affaires	Ken Rudolph	[27]
	Trumpet	Tom Reamy	[27]
	Warhoon	Richard Bergeron	[27]
1970	Science Fiction Review*	Richard E. Geis	[28]
	BeABohema	Frank Lunney	[28]
	Locus	Charles N. Brown	[28]
	Riverside Quarterly	Leland Sapiro	[28]
	Speculation	Peter R. Weston	[28]
1971	Locus*	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[29]
	Energumen	Michael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn	[29]
	Outworlds	Bill Bowers and Joan Bowers	[29]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[29]
	Speculation	Peter R. Weston	[29]
1972	Locus*	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[30]
	Energumen	Michael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn	[30]
	Granfalloon	Ron Bushyager and Linda Bushyager	[30]
	SF Commentary	Bruce Gillespie	[30]
1973	Energumen*	Michael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn	[31]
	Algol	Andrew I. Porter	[31]
	Granfalloon	Ron Bushyager and Linda Bushyager	[31]
	Locus	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[31]
	SF Commentary	Bruce Gillespie	[31]
1974	The Alien Critic*	Richard E. Geis	[32]
	Algol*	Andrew I. Porter	[32]
	Locus	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[32]
	Outworlds	Bill Bowers and Joan Bowers	[32]
1975	The Alien Critic*	Richard E. Geis	[33]
	Algol	Andrew I. Porter	[33]
	Locus	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[33]
	Outworlds	Bill Bowers and Joan Bowers	[33]
	SF Commentary	Bruce Gillespie	[33]
	Starling	Hank Luttrell and Lesleigh Luttrell	[33]
1976	Locus*	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[34]
	Algol	Andrew I. Porter	[34]
	Don-O-Saur	Don C. Thompson	[34]
	Outworlds	Bill Bowers	[34]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[34]
1977	Science Fiction Review*	Richard E. Geis	[35]
	Locus	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[35]
	Mythologies	Don D'Ammassa	[35]
	Outworlds	Bill Bowers	[35]
	The Spanish Inquisition	Suzanne Tompkins and Jerry Kaufman	[35]
1978	Locus*	Charles N. Brown and Dena Brown	[36]
	Don-O-Saur	Don C. Thompson	[36]
	Janus	Janice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll	[36]
	Maya	Rob Jackson	[36]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[36]
1979	Science Fiction Review*	Richard E. Geis	[37]
	Janus	Janice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll	[37]
	Maya	Rob Jackson	[37]
	Mota	Terry Hughes	[37]
	Twll-Ddu	David Langford	[37]
1980	Locus*	Charles N. Brown	[38]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[38]
	Janus	Janice Bogstad and Jeanne Gomoll	[38]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[38]
	Thrust	Doug Fratz	[38]
1981	Locus*	Charles N. Brown	[39]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[39]
	Science Fiction Chronicle	Andrew I. Porter	[39]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[39]
	Starship	Andrew I. Porter	[39]
1982	Locus*	Charles N. Brown	[40]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[40]
	Science Fiction Chronicle	Andrew I. Porter	[40]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[40]
1983	Locus*	Charles N. Brown	[41]
	Fantasy Newsletter	Robert A. Collins	[41]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[41]
	Science Fiction Chronicle	Andrew I. Porter	[41]
	Science Fiction Review	Richard E. Geis	[41]
1984	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[42]
	Ansible	David Langford	[42]
	Holier Than Thou	Marty Cantor and Robbie Cantor	[42]
	Izzard	Patrick Nielsen Hayden and Teresa Nielsen Hayden	[42]
	The Philk Fee-Nom-Ee-Non	Paul J. Willett	[42]
1985	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[43]
	Ansible	David Langford	[43]
	Holier Than Thou	Marty Cantor and Robbie Cantor	[43]
	Mythologies	Don D'Ammassa	[43]
	Rataplan	Leigh Edmonds	[43]
1986	Lan's Lantern*	George "Lan" Laskowski	[44]
	Anvil	Charlotte Proctor	[44]
	Greater Columbia Fantasy Costumers Guild Newsletter	Bobby Gear	[44]
	Holier Than Thou	Marty Cantor and Robbie Cantor	[44]
	Universal Translator	Susan Bridges	[44]
1987	Ansible*	David Langford	[45]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[45]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[45]
	Texas SF Inquirer	Pat Mueller	[45]
	Trap Door	Robert Lichtman	[45]
1988	Texas SF Inquirer*	Pat Mueller	[46]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[46]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane	[46]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[46]
	The Mad 3 Party	Leslie Turek	[46]
1989	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[47]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane	[47]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[47]
	Niekas	Edmund R. Meskys	[47]
	OtherRealms	Chuq Von Rospach	[47]
1990	The Mad 3 Party*	Leslie Turek	[48]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[48]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane	[48]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[48]
	Pirate Jenny	Pat Mueller	[48]
1991	Lan's Lantern*	George "Lan" Laskowski	[49]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[49]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane and Janice Moore	[49]
	Mainstream	Jerry Kaufman and Suzanne Tompkins	[49]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[49]
1992	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[50]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[50]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane and Janice Moore	[50]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[50]
	Trap Door	Robert Lichtman	[50]
1993	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[51]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[51]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane and Janice Moore	[51]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[51]
	STET	Leah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith	[51]
1994	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[52]
	Ansible	David Langford	[52]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[52]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[52]
	STET	Leah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith	[52]
1995	Ansible*	David Langford	[53]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[53]
	Habakkuk	Bill Donaho	[53]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[53]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[53]
1996	Ansible*	David Langford	[54]
	Apparatchik	Andrew Hooper and Victor Gonzalez	[54]
	Attitude	Michael Abbott, John Dallman, and Pam Wells	[54]
	FOSFAX	Timothy Lane and Elizabeth Garrott	[54]
	Lan's Lantern	George "Lan" Laskowski	[54]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[54]
1997	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[55]
	Ansible	David Langford	[55]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[55]
	Nova Express	Lawrence Person	[55]
	Tangent	David Truesdale	[55]
1998	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[56]
	Ansible	David Langford	[56]
	Attitude	Michael Abbott, John Dallman, and Pam Wells	[56]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[56]
	Tangent	David Truesdale	[56]
1999	Ansible*	David Langford	[57]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[57]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[57]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[57]
	Tangent	David Truesdale	[57]
	Thyme	Alan Stewart	[57]
2000	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[58]
	Ansible	David Langford	[58]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[58]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[58]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[58]
2001	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[59]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[59]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[59]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[59]
	STET	Leah Zeldes Smith and Dick Smith	[59]
2002	Ansible*	David Langford	[60]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[60]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[60]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[60]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[60]
2003	Mimosa*	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[61]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[61]
	Emerald City	Cheryl Morgan	[61]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[61]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[61]
2004	Emerald City*	Cheryl Morgan	[62]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[62]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[62]
	Mimosa	Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch	[62]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[62]
2005	Plokta*	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[63]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[63]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[63]
	Chunga	Randy Byers, Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez	[63]
	Emerald City	Cheryl Morgan	[63]
2006	Plokta*	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[64]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[64]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[64]
	Chunga	Randy Byers, Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez	[64]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[64]
2007	Science-Fiction Five-Yearly*	Lee Hoffman, Geri Sullivan, and Randy Byers	[65]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[65]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[65]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia	[65]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[65]
2008	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[66]
	Argentus	Steven H Silver	[66]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[66]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia	[66]
	Plokta	Alison Scott, Steve Davies, and Mike Scott	[66]
2009	Electric Velocipede*	John Klima	[67]
	Argentus	Steven H Silver	[67]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[67]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[67]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia	[67]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[67]
2010	StarShipSofa*	Tony C. Smith	[68]
	Argentus	Steven H Silver	[68]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[68]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[68]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia and James Bacon	[68]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[68]
2011	The Drink Tank*	Christopher Garcia and James Bacon	[69]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[69]
	Challenger	Guy H. Lillian III	[69]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[69]
	StarShipSofa	Tony C. Smith	[69]
2012	SF Signal*	John DeNardo	[70]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[70]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia and James Bacon	[70]
	File 770	Mike Glyer	[70]
	Journey Planet	James Bacon and Christopher Garcia	[70]
2013	SF Signal*	John DeNardo, JP Frantz, and Patrick Hester	[71]
	Banana Wings	Claire Brialey and Mark Plummer	[71]
	The Drink Tank	Christopher Garcia and James Bacon	[71]
	Elitist Book Reviews	Steven Diamond	[71]
	Journey Planet	James Bacon, Christopher Garcia, Emma J. King, Helen J. Montgomery, and Pete Young	[71]
2014	A Dribble of Ink*	Aidan Moher	[72]
	The Book Smugglers	Ana Grilo and Thea James	[72]
	Elitist Book Reviews	Steven Diamond	[72]
	Journey Planet	James Bacon, Christopher Garcia, Lynda E. Rucker, Pete Young, Colin Harris, and Helen J. Montgomery	[72]
	Pornokitsch	Anne C. Perry and Jared Shurin	[72]
2015	Journey Planet*	James Bacon, Christopher J Garcia, Colin Harris, Alissa McKersie, and Helen J. Montgomery	[73]
	Black Gate[Note 1]	John O'Neill	[73]
	Elitist Book Reviews	Steven Diamond	[73]
	The Revenge of Hump Day	Tim Bolgeo	[73]
	Tangent Online	Dave Truesdale	[73]
2016	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[74]
	Castalia House Blog	Jeffro Johnson	[74]
	Lady Business	Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan	[74]
	Superversive SF	Jason Rennie	[74]
	Tangent Online	Dave Truesdale	[74]
2017	Lady Business*	Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan	[75]
	Castalia House Blog	Jeffro Johnson	[75]
	Journey Planet	James Bacon, Christopher J Garcia, Esther MacCallum-Stewart, Helena Nash, Errick Nunnally, Pádraig Ó Méalóid, Chuck Serface, and Erin Underwood	[75]
	Nerds of a feather, flock together	The G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry	[75]
	Rocket Stack Rank	Greg Hullender and Eric Wong	[75]
	SF Bluestocking	Bridget McKinney	[75]
2018	File 770*	Mike Glyer	[76]
	Galactic Journey	Gideon Marcus	[76]
	Journey Planet	Team Journey Planet	[76]
	Nerds of a feather, flock together	The G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry	[76]
	Rocket Stack Rank	Greg Hullender and Eric Wong	[76]
	SF Bluestocking	Bridget McKinney	[76]
2019	Lady Business*	Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan	[77]
	Galactic Journey	Gideon Marcus and Janice Marcus	[77]
	Journey Planet	Team Journey Planet	[77]
	Nerds of a feather, flock together	Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, and The G	[77]
	Quick Sip Reviews	Charles Payseur	[77]
	Rocket Stack Rank	Greg Hullender and Eric Wong	[77]
2020	The Book Smugglers*	Ana Grilo and Thea James	[78]
	Galactic Journey	Gideon Marcus, Janice Marcus, Rosemary Benton, Lorelei Marcus, Victoria Silverwolf	[78]
	Journey Planet	James Bacon, Christopher J. Garcia, Alissa McKersie, Ann Gry, Chuck Serface, John Coxon, Steven H Silver	[78]
	Nerds of a feather, flock together	Adri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, The G	[78]
	Quick Sip Reviews	Charles Payseur	[78]
	The Rec Center	Elizabeth Minkel, Gavia Baker-Whitelaw	[78]
2021	Nerds of a feather, flock together*	Adri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, The G	[79]
	The Full Lid	Alasdair Stuart, Marguerite Kenner	[79]
	Journey Planet	Michael Carroll et al.	[79]
	Lady Business	Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan	[79]
	Quick Sip Reviews	Charles Payseur	[79]
	Unofficial Hugo Book Club Blog	Amanda Wakaruk, Olav Rokne	[79]
2022	Small Gods*	Lee Moyer, Seanan McGuire	[80]
	The Full Lid	Alasdair Stuart, Marguerite Kenner	[80]
	Galactic Journey	Gideon Marcus Janice L. Newman, Gwyn Conaway, Jason Sacks, John Boston	[80]
	Journey Planet	Erin Underwood et al.	[80]
	Quick Sip Reviews	Charles Payseur	[80]
	Unofficial Hugo Book Club Blog	Amanda Wakaruk, Olav Rokne	[80]
2023	Zero Gravity Newspaper*	RiverFlow, Ling Shizhen	[81]
	Chinese Academic SF Express	Latssep, Tianluo_Qi	[81]
	Galactic Journey	Gideon Marcus, Janice Marcus, Tammi Bozich, Erica Frank, Arel Lucas, Mark Yon	[81]
	Journey Planet	Regina Kanyu Wang, Yen Ooi, Arthur Liu, Jean Martin, Erin Underwood, Steven H Silver, Pádraig Ó Méalóid et al.	[81]
	Nerds of a feather, flock together	Roseanna Pendlebury, Arturo Serrano, Paul Weimer, Adri Joy, Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, G. Brown	[81]
	Unofficial Hugo Book Club Blog	Olav Rokne, Amanda Wakaruk	[81]
2024	Nerds of a feather, flock together*	Roseanna Pendlebury, Arturo Serrano, Paul Weimer, Joe Sherry, Adri Joy, G. Brown, Vance Kotrla	[82]
	Black Nerd Problems	Omar Holmon, William Evans	[82]
	The Full Lid	Alasdair Stuart, Marguerite Kenner	[82]
	Idea	Geri Sullivan	[82]
	Journey Planet	Michael Carroll, Vincent Docherty, Sara Felix, Ann Gry, Sarah Gulde, Allison Hartman Adams, Arthur Liu et al.	[82]
	Unofficial Hugo Book Club Blog	Olav Rokne, Amanda Wakaruk	[82]

Retro Hugos

Beginning with the 1996 Worldcon, the World Science Fiction Society created the concept of "Retro Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years before the current year, if no awards were originally given that year.^[5] Retro Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943–1946, 1951, and 1954.^{[Note 2][6]}

Retro Hugo winners and nominees

Year	Year awarded	Work	Editor(s)	Ref.
1939	2014	Imagination!*	Forrest J Ackerman, Morojo, and T. Bruce Yerke	[83]
		Fantascience Digest	Robert A. Madle	[83]
		Fantasy News	James V. Taurasi	[83]
		Novae Terrae	Maurice K. Hanson	[83]
		Tomorrow	Douglas W. F. Mayer	[83]
1941	2016	Futuria Fantasia*	Ray Bradbury	[84]
		Le Zombie	Wilson Tucker	[84]
		Novacious	Forrest J Ackerman, Morojo	[84]
		Spaceways	Harry Warner, Jr.	[84]
		Voice of the Imagi-Nation	Forrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas	[84]
1943	2018	Le Zombie*	Wilson Tucker	[85]
		Futurian War Digest	J. Michael Rosenblum	[85]
		Inspiration	Lynn Bridges	[85]
		The Phantagraph	Donald A. Wollheim	[85]
		Spaceways	Harry Warner, Jr.	[85]
		Voice of the Imagi-Nation	Forrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas	[85]
1944	2019	Le Zombie*	Wilson Tucker	[86]
		Futurian War Digest	J. Michael Rosenblum	[86]
		Guteto	Myrtle R. Douglas	[86]
		The Phantagraph	Donald A. Wollheim	[86]
		Voice of the Imagi-Nation	Forrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas	[86]
		YHOS	Art Widner	[86]
1945	2020	Voice of the Imagi-Nation*	Forrest J Ackerman, Myrtle R. Douglas	[87]
		The Acolyte	Francis Towner Laney, Samuel D. Russell	[87]
		Diablerie	Bill Watson	[87]
		Futurian War Digest	J. Michael Rosenblum	[87]
		Shangri L'Affaires	Charles E. Burbee	[87]
		Le Zombie	Wilson Tucker, E. E. Evans	[87]
1946	1996	Voice of the Imagi-Nation*	Forrest J Ackerman	[88]
		The Acolyte	Francis Towner Laney	[88]
		Chanticleer	Walt Liebscher	[88]
		Fantasy Commentator	A. Langley Searles	[88]
		Shangri L'Affaires	Charles E. Burbee and Gerald Hewitt	[88]
1951	2001	Science Fiction Newsletter*	Wilson Tucker	[89]
		The Fanscient	Donald B. Day	[89]
		Quandry	Lee Hoffman	[89]
		Sky Hook	Redd Boggs	[89]
		Slant	Walt Willis and James White	[89]
		Spacewarp	Art Rapp	[89]
1954	2004	Slant*	Walt Willis and James White	[90]
		Hyphen	Walt Willis and Chuck Harris	[90]
		Quandry	Lee Hoffman	[90]
		Science Fiction Newsletter	Wilson Tucker	[90]
		Sky Hook	Redd Boggs	[90]

Notes

1. Black Gate attempted to withdraw themselves from the 2015 ballot, stating that the prevalence of nominees that year from voting slates, including one which the fanzine had been on, de-legitimized the nominations. While other nominees that year in other categories also withdrew for the same reason, Black Gate's request came after the ballot was finalized and was not accepted, though a note of their intention to withdraw was made on the ballot itself.
2. Although no "Best Fanzine" Hugo was awarded at the 1958 convention, Hugos were awarded in other categories, hence there was no "Retro Hugo" for 1958 awarded in 2008.

References

1. "The World Science Fiction Society Rules 1971". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
2. Jordison, Sam (2008-08-07). "An International Contest We Can Win". The Guardian. London, England. Archived from the original on 2009-07-29. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
3. Cleaver, Emily (2010-04-20). "Hugo Awards Announced". Litro Magazine. London, England: Ocean Media. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
4. "The Hugo Awards: Hugo Award Categories". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
5. "The Hugo Awards: FAQ". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
6. "The Locus index to SF Awards: About the Retro Hugo Awards". Locus. Oakland, California: Locus. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
7. "The Hugo Awards: Introduction". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
8. "Worldcon 75: 2017 Hugo report #2" (PDF). Worldcon 75. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-15. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
9. "The Locus index to SF Awards: About the Hugo Awards". Locus. Oakland, California: Locus. Archived from the original on 2010-01-03. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
10. "World Science Fiction Society / Worldcon". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2010-04-20.
11. Sanders, J. L. (1985). "Zenith Science Fiction/Zenith Speculation/Speculation". In Tymn, M. B.; Ashley, Mike (eds.). Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Weird Fiction Magazines. Westport, CT: Greenwood. p. 886. ISBN 0-313-21221-X.
12. Ashley, Michael (2007). Gateways to Forever: The Story of the Science-Fiction Magazines from 1970 to 1980 Volume 3. Liverpool, England: Liverpool University Press. p. xix. ISBN 978-1-84631-002-7.
13. "Cry of the Nameless". Archived from the original on 2015-06-27. Retrieved 2015-06-26.
14. "1955 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
15. "1956 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
16. "1957 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-03-16. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
17. "1959 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
18. "1960 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
19. "1961 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
20. "1962 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
21. "1963 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
22. "1964 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
23. "1965 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
24. "1966 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
25. "1967 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
26. "1968 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
27. "1969 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
28. "1970 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
29. "1971 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
30. "1972 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
31. "1973 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
32. "1974 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
33. "1975 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
34. "1976 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
35. "1977 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
36. "1978 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
37. "1979 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
38. "1980 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
39. "1981 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
40. "1982 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
41. "1983 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
42. "1984 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
43. "1985 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
44. "1986 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
45. "1987 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
46. "1988 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
47. "1989 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
48. "1990 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
49. "1991 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
50. "1992 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
51. "1993 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
52. "1994 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 28 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
53. "1995 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
54. "1996 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
55. "1997 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
56. "1998 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
57. "1999 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
58. "2000 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
59. "2001 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
60. "2002 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
61. "2003 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
62. "2004 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
63. "2005 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 24 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
64. "2006 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 25 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
65. "2007 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
66. "2008 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 13 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
67. "2009 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 18 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
68. "2010 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 10 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
69. "2011 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 25 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
70. "2012 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-04-08. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
71. "2013 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 22 December 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
72. "2014 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
73. "2015 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
74. "2016 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 29 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
75. "2017 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 31 December 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2017-08-11.
76. "2018 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2018-03-15. Archived from the original on 2018-04-02. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
77. "2019 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2019-09-18. Archived from the original on 2019-07-29. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
78. "2020 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2020-04-07. Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
79. "2021 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2021-12-18. Archived from the original on 2022-01-03. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
80. "2022 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2022-09-04. Archived from the original on 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
81. "2023 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2023-07-06. Archived from the original on 2023-07-06. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
82. "2024 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 2024-03-29. Archived from the original on 2024-08-12. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
83. "1939 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 18 April 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
84. "1941 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 29 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
85. "1943 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 30 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-12-31. Retrieved 2018-04-02.
86. "1944 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 28 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-10-04. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
87. "1945 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 7 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-01. Retrieved 2020-04-08.
88. "1946 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
89. "1951 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
90. "1954 Retro Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.

External links

• The Hugo Awards official website Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
• Hugo Awards database at Locus magazine