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Hud ibn Muhakkam al-Hawwari, Arabic: هود بن محكم الهواري (d. second half of the ninth-century), was an Ibadi Quran exegete from North Africa.
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Little is known about his life. It is believed that he was a Berber from the Hawwara tribe[1] and that he lived in the region of the Aurès Mountains in modern day Algeria.[2] His father held the office of Qadi under the rule of Aflaḥ ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (823–871), a ruler of the Rustamid Empire (778–909).[3] His commentary on the Quran was first published in four volumes in 1990, based on five Ibadi manuscripts.[4] The editor of this edition, Belhagg Sa'id Sharifi, an Ibadi from Algeria, wrote in the introduction to the work that al-Hawwari did not write his own original commentary, but based his work on a known tafsir in North African, especially in Kairouan, by Yaḥya ibn Sallam al-Basri (d. 815).[5] Al-Hawwari created an abridged version without citing the original author.[6] In one manuscript, a marginal note states that the work is only attributed to al-Hawwari (muḍaf ila).[7]
The Ibadi historian Ibn Sallam (d. 887)[8] in his Badʾ al-islam wa-shari'aʿ ad-din /بدء الإسلام وشرائع الدين (The Beginning of Islam and the Laws of Religion)[9] dedicated a chapter to fellow Ibadis, including members of the Hawwara tribe, who settled in Kairouan and took part in the city's scholarly life.[10] These contacts may have enabled Ibadis to access the Quran commentary by Yaḥya ibn Sallam al-Baṣri, which was well known in the city.[11]
Al-Hawwari quotes the exegesis of the Quran by Yahya ibn Sallam al-Basri throughout, thus providing access to this work, which is only available in fragments and partial editions.[12]
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