Hiroshi Tamiya

Hiroshi Tamiya (田宮 博, Tamiya Hiroshi, born January 5, 1903, Tokyo; died March 20, 1984) was an important^[1] Japanese plant biochemist and microbiologist. He is notable for mid-twentieth century research he did on the thermodynamics of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.^[2]

Hiroshi Tamiya
Born	(1903-01-05)January 5, 1903
Died	March 20, 1984(1984-03-20) (aged 81)
Nationality	Japanese
Citizenship	Japan
Alma mater	Tokyo University
Scientific career
Fields	Biochemistry, Microbiology

Life

Tamiya was a student of Keita Shibata, a plant physiologist, as a student at Tokyo University.^[3] Andrew Benson, who was instrumental in understanding carbon fixation in plants considered Tamiya inspirational in his own success as a scientist.^[2] Tamiya worked and studied in Japan, Europe, and the United States, collaborating internationally with a variety of scientists.

After World War II, during the Allied Occupation of Japan, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology physicist Harry C. Kelly selected Tamiya to assist him in evaluating scientific research in Japan.^[4][5][6] The mission was largely in response to the destruction of cyclotrons by the United States Army acting out of fear the Japanese had been researching and developing a nuclear weapon during the war.^[4] One of the cyclotrons destroyed was an instrument that Tamiya required for his research.^[4]

In 1953 Tamiya, working with other Japanese scientists, developed techniques for the synchronous culture of the green algae Chlorella, a model organism used by Otto Heinrich Warburg whom Tamiya admired.^[1][7] Tamiya was able with it to culture algal cell lines that were all in the same developmental stage, a technique used by later scientists to decipher the life cycles of other single celled eukaryotic organisms.^[1][7]

In 1966 Tamiya was made a foreign associate member of the United States National Academy of Sciences.^[4][8] In 1977 he was given the Japanese Order of Culture for his contributions to science in Japan.^[4]

References

1. Machlis, Leonard (August 9, 1963). "Review: Tamiya Volume". Science. 141 (3580): 514–515. Bibcode:1963Sci...141..514P. doi:10.1126/science.141.3580.514.
2. Benson, A.A. (2006). "Following the path of carbon in photosynthesis: a personal story". In Govindjee, J.F.; Allen, J.F.; Beatty, J.T.; et al. (eds.). Discoveries in photosynthesis. Springer-Verlag New York, LLC. ISBN 978-1-4020-3323-0.
3. Frederic, Louis (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5.
4. Benson, Andrew A. (2005). Hiroshi Tamiya 1903-1984: A Biographical Memoir. National Academies Press.
5. Dees, Bowen (1997). The Allied Occupation and Japan's Economic Miracle: Building the Foundations of Japanese Science and Technology 1945-52. Taylor & Francis, Inc. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-873410-67-7.
6. Nakayama, Shigeru; Goto, Kunio; Yoshioka, Satoshi, eds. (2005). A Social History of Science and Technology in Contemporary Japan: 1952-1959, Vol. 2. Trans Pacific Press. ISBN 978-1-876843-70-0.
7. Preisig, Hans R.; Robert A. Anderson (2005). "Historical review of algal culturing techniques". In Anderson, Robert A. (ed.). Algal Culturing Techniques. Elsevier Science & Technology Books. ISBN 978-0-12-088426-1.
8. "NAS Elects Members". Science News. 89 (19). May 7, 1966.
9. International Plant Names Index.  Tamiya.