List of Hindu festivals

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Hindus celebrate a wide number of festivals and celebrations, many of which commemorate events from ancient India and often align with seasonal changes.[1] These festivities take place either on a fixed annual date on the solar calendar, or on a specific day of the lunisolar calendar. The observance of these festivals often varies by region, with many being predominantly celebrated by particular sects or in specific areas of the Indian subcontinent.

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Explanatory note
Hindu festival dates

The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day).

Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta. If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa.

A lunar year is shorter than a solar year by about eleven days. As a result, most Hindu festivals occur on different days in successive years on the Gregorian calendar.
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Terminology

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Dolu Utsava

Utsava is the Sanskrit word for festivals. The Sanskrit word Utsava comes from the word "ut" meaning "Starts" and "sava" which means "change" or "decline".[2] Dolu means "seasonal colouring". Both solar and lunisolar calendar operates based on Dolu Utsava.

Observance periods (tithi)

Hindu calendar dates are usually prescribed according to a lunisolar calendar. In Vedic timekeeping, a māsa is a lunar month, a pakṣa is a lunar fortnight, and a tithi is a lunar day.

There are two prevailing definitions of the lunar month: amānta, where the month ends with the new moon, and pūrṇimānta, where it ends with the full moon.[3] Consequently, the same day may be associated with different but adjoining months. When a festival takes place during śukla paksha (the waxing phase of the moon), both traditions attribute it to the same month. However, if the festival occurs during kṛiṣhṇa paksha (the waning phase of the moon), the two traditions assign it to different but adjacent months.

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Popular Hindu festivals
Festival māsa pakṣa tithi
amānta pūrṇimānta
Gudi Padwa/Ugadi caitra śukla prathama
Rama Navami caitra śukla navamī
Akshaya Tritiya
Guru Purnima āṣādha śukla pūrima
Naga Panchami
Raksha Bandhan śrāvaṇa śukla pūrima
Krishna Janmashtami śrāvaṇa bhādra kṛṣṇa aṣṭamī
Ganesh Chaturthi bhādra śukla caturthī
Ganesh Visarjan bhādra śukla pūrima
Pitru Paksha begins bhādra āśvina kṛṣṇa prathama
Pitru Paksha ends

Sarvapitru Amavasya

bhādra āśvina kṛṣṇa amāvasyā
Navaratri begins āśvina śukla prathama
Durga Ashtami

(8th day of Navaratri)

āśvina śukla aṣṭamī
Maha Navami

(9th day of Navaratri)

āśvina śukla navamī
Navaratri ends

Vijaya Dashami

āśvina śukla daśamī
Karva Chauth āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa caturthī
Diwali begins

Dhan Teras

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa trayodaśī
Naraka Chaturdashi

(2nd day of Diwali)

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa caturdaśī
Deepavali / Lakshmi Puja

(3rd day of Diwali)

āśvina kārtika kṛṣṇa amāvasyā
Annakut or Bali Padyami

(4th day of Diwali)

kārtika śukla prathama
Diwali ends

Bhai Dooj

kārtika śukla dvitīya
Vasant Panchami magha śukla pañcamī
Maha Shivaratri magha phālguna kṛṣṇa caturdaśī
Holi phālguna śukla caturdaśī
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Sublists

List and descriptions of major Hindu festivals

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The tithi shown in the following list is as per the amānta tradition.

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See also

Hindu festival-related concepts

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References

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