Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester

Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester (1577^[1] – 18 December 1646) was an English aristocrat, who was a prominent and financially important Royalist during the early years of the English Civil War.

The Most Honourable The Marquess of Worcester
Born	1577
Died	18 December 1646
Noble family	House of Somerset
Spouse(s)	Hon. Anne Russell
Issue	Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester
Father	Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester
Mother	Elizabeth Hastings, Countess of Worcester

Life

He was the son of Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester and Elizabeth Hastings. On 3 March 1628, he succeeded his father and became the 5th Earl of Worcester.^[2]

Brought up a Protestant, he converted to Catholicism as a young man. He was considered an outstandingly wealthy peer, with an income, by the contemporary estimate of Richard Symonds, of £24,000 per annum. By good management, as well as by inheritance and marriage, he built up major holdings in property. When war came, he claimed to have expended and lent over £900,000 to the royalist cause.^[3]

Charles I asked him to keep a low profile in public life. Some noted recusants, such as Gwilym Puw and his chaplain Thomas Bayly, gathered around him at Raglan Castle. His local support was increased by the fact that he was not identified as a courtier.^[4] For his financial support of King Charles I at the outset of the First English Civil War, he was created 1st Marquess of Worcester, on 2 November 1642.^[5][6]

After the battle of Naseby, King Charles sought refuge at Raglan, in the period June to September 1645.^[7] The next year, the Marquess was forced to surrender Raglan Castle to the forces of Sir Thomas Morgan, 1st Baronet, late in 1646, marking the effective end of the Civil War in Wales. He was taken into custody by the Parliamentary forces, and died in Covent Garden, on 18 December 1646.^[2]

A painting that shows the queen in procession to Blackfriars on her way to the Wedding of Anne Russell and Lord Herbert at Blackfriars by Robert Peake the Elder circa. 1600

Family

On 16 June 1600 he married Anne Russell, a daughter of John Russell, Baron Russell (eldest son and heir apparent of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford) by his wife Elizabeth Cooke. The wedding procession with Queen Elizabeth I in a litter is depicted in a painting by Robert Peake the Elder.^[8] Afterwards there was a feast and a masque, a 'strange dance newly invented' performed by eight women dressed in silver skirts and gold waistcoats led by Mary Fitton.^[9] The others masque dancers were "Lady Dougherty" (Dorothy Hastings), Mistress Carey, Mistress Onslow, Mistress Southwell, Bess Russell, Mistress Darcy, and Blanche Somerset. The queen herself joined the dance.^[10]

Anne's paternal grandparents were Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford and his wife Margaret St. John. Anne's maternal grandparents were Sir Anthony Cooke and his wife Anne FitzWilliam.^[11][12] A splendid portrait of Anne Russell painted shortly after her marriage sold for 297,000 GBP at Sotheby's London on 2 May 2018.^[13]

With his wife, he had nine sons and four daughters including, Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester, his heir and successor, and Thomas Somerset, his second son, who became a Catholic priest in Rome before joining the Oratory of St Philip Neri in Perugia before Pope Clement IX sent him to England as his internuncio. Fr Thomas died in exile in Dunkirk on 30 August 1678. Another son was Sir John Somerset, of Pauntley, Gloucestershire, who married Mary Arundell, a daughter of the 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, co. Wiltshire by his second wife. His youngest daughter, Elizabeth, married Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu.^[14]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester

8. Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester 4. William Somerset, 3rd Earl of Worcester 9. Elizabeth Browne 2. Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester 10. Edward North, 1st Baron North 5. Christian North 11. Alice Squire 1. Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester 12. George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon 6. Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon 13. Anne Stafford 3. Elizabeth Hastings 14. Henry Pole, 11th Baron Montacute 7. Catherine Pole 15. Jane Neville

Notes

1. "Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
2. Lundy 2011, p. 2465 § 24647 cites Cokayne 2000, p. 857
3. "Access to Archives". The National Archives. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
4. "The National Library of Wales:: Dictionary of Welsh Biography". Yba.llgc.org.uk. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
5. Cokayne, George Edward (1896). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. G. Bell & sons.
6. Nicolas, Nicholas Harris (1857). The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued to the present time ... by William Courthope. John Murray.
7. "KELLY'S DIRECTORY OF MONMOUTHSHIRE, 1901". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
8. File:Procession Portrait of Elizabeth I.jpg
9. Roy Strong, Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry (London, 1977), pp. 29-30.
10. Michael Brennan, Noel Kinnamon, Margaret Hannay, The Letters of Rowland Whyte (Philadelphia, 2013), pp. 498, 501: Arthur Collins, Letters and Memorials of State, vol. 2 (London, 1746), p. 201: Roy Strong, Cult of Elizabeth (London, 1977), pp. 28–43.
11. Lundy 2011, p. 2465 § 24647 cites Mosley 1999, p. 221
12. David Nash Ford. Royal Berkshire History, Nash Ford Publishing, 2001. Elizabeth Cooke, mother of Hon. Anne Russell.
13. Sotheby's Portrait of Anne Russell, English School, circa 1600-1603.
14. Roundell, Julia Anne Elizabeth (1884). "VIII". Cowdray: the history of a great English house. London: Bickers & Son. pp. 78–86.

References

• Lundy, Darryl (31 January 2011). "Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester". Thepeerage.com. p. 2465 § 24647. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  • Cokayne, G.E. (2000). Vicary Gibbs; H.A. Doubleday; Geoffrey H. White; Duncan Warrand; Howard de Walden (eds.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. Vol. XII/2 (reprint in 6 volumes ed.). Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 857.
  • Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999). Burke's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (106th in 2 volumes ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books). p. 221.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Worcester	Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan and Monmouthshire jointly with The Earl of Worcester 1626–1628 1626–1629	Succeeded by The Earl of Northampton
Peerage of England
New creation	Marquess of Worcester 1642–1646	Succeeded by Edward Somerset
Preceded by Edward Somerset	Earl of Worcester 1628–1646
	Baron Herbert (writ in acceleration) 1604–1646