Hemicyoninae

"Dog bear" redirects here. For bear dogs, see Amphicyonidae.

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,^[2][1] often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: ἡμικυων hemi-kyōn)). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 28.6 million years. They are sometimes classified as a separate family.^[3]

Hemicyoninae Temporal range: Early Oligocene to Late Miocene 33.9–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Hemicyon sansaniensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	†Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
Tribes and genera
Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013 †Adelpharctos[1] †Cyonarctos[2] †Phoberogale[2] †Filholictis[2] †Cephalogale[2] Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995 †Plithocyon †Phoberocyon Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926 †Zaragocyon †Dinocyon †Hemicyon

Systematics

The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae).^[3] However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.^[4][5] The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine^[3] but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.^[6]

• Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
  • Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
    • †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
      • †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
      • †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
    • †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
      • †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
    • †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
      • †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
      • †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
      • †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
    • †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
      • †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
    • †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
      • †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
      • †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
      • †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
      • †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
  • Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
      • †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
    • †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
      • †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
      • †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
      • †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
  • Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
    • †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
      • †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
    • †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
      • †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
      • †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
      • †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
      • †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
      • †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851

References

• Paleontology portal

1. L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
2. Louis De Bonis (2013). "Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862". Geodiversitas. 35 (4): 787–814. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4. S2CID 131561629.
3. McKenna, M.C.; Bell, S. (1997). Classification of nammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231528535.
4. Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
5. Jiangzuo, Qigao; Flynn, John J. (2020-06-26). "The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora". iScience. 23 (6): 101235. Bibcode:2020iSci...23j1235J. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101235. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 7303987. PMID 32559731.
6. Jiangzuo, Q.; Flynn, J. J.; Wang, S.; Hou, S.; Deng, T. (2023). "New fossil giant panda relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): a basal lineage of gigantic Mio-Pliocene cursorial carnivores". American Museum Novitates (3996): 1–71. doi:10.1206/3996.1. hdl:2246/7315. S2CID 257508340.