Hemicyoninae

"Dog bear" redirects here. For bear dogs, see Amphicyonidae.

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,^[2][1] often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: ἡμικυων hemi-kyōn)). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 28.6 million years. They are sometimes classified as a separate family.^[3]

Hemicyoninae Temporal range: Early Oligocene to Late Miocene 33.9–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Hemicyon sansaniensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	†Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
Tribes and genera
Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013 †Adelpharctos[1] †Cyonarctos[2] †Phoberogale[2] †Filholictis[2] †Cephalogale[2] Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995 †Plithocyon †Phoberocyon Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926 †Zaragocyon †Dinocyon †Hemicyon

Systematics

The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae).^[3] However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.^[4][5] The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine^[3] but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.^[6]

• Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
  • Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
    • †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
      • †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
      • †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
    • †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
      • †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
    • †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
      • †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
      • †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
      • †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
    • †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
      • †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
    • †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
      • †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
      • †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
      • †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
      • †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
  • Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
      • †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
      • †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
    • †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
      • †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
      • †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
      • †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
      • †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
  • Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
    • †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
      • †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    • †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
      • †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
      • †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
    • †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
      • †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
      • †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
      • †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
      • †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
      • †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851