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Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Russian From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Russian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
Russian distinguishes hard (unpalatalized or plain) and soft (palatalized) consonants (both phonetically and orthographically). Soft consonants, most of which are denoted by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, like the articulation of the y sound in yes. In native words, /j, ɕː, tɕ/ are always soft, whereas /ʐ, ʂ, ts/ are always hard.[1]
See Russian phonology and Russian alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian.
Consonants | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hard | Soft | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
b | апде́йт[2] | ;boot | bʲ | , | beautiful | |
d | [2] | ;do | dʲ | [2] | ; ;media | |
dʐ[3] | jug | dʑ[3] | начди́в; [2] | jig | ||
dz[3] | [2] | lads | dzʲ[3] | дзюдо́[1] | lad's young | |
f | [2] [4] | ; ;fool | fʲ | [4] | ; ;few | |
ɡ | [5][6] [2] | ;good | ɡʲ | argue | ||
ɣ | [5] Бог даст; дух бодр[2] | ; ;loch (Scottish) but voiced | ɣʲ | двухдверный[2] | Loch Ewe (Scottish) but voiced | |
— | j | [je-]; [jɵ-]; [ju-]; [ja]; [7] | yes | |||
k | [2] [4] | ; ;scar | kʲ | секью́рити | ;skew | |
l | [8] | pill | lʲ | ; | failure | |
m | moot | mʲ | ; | mute | ||
n | noon | nʲ | [9] | ; ;vinyard | ||
p | [2] [4] | ; ;span | pʲ | [4] | ; ;spew | |
r | American atom | rʲ | ; | American catty | ||
s | [2] [4] | ; ;soup | sʲ | [2] [4] | ; ; ; ;assume (RP) | |
ʂ | [2] ;[4] [10] | ; ;rush | ɕː | [2][11] | ; ;wish sheep | |
t | [2] [4] | ; ;stand | tʲ | [4] | ; ; ;stew (RP) | |
ts[3] | ; | cats | tsʲ[3] | Цю́рих[1] | cat's young | |
tʂ[3] | [4] | chop | tɕ[3] | ; | chip | |
v | его́;[6] афга́н[2] | ;voodoo | vʲ | ; | view | |
x | [5] | ;loch (Scottish); ugh | xʲ | Хью́стон; [5] | ;huge (for some dialects) | |
z | [2] | ;zoo | zʲ | резьба́; ; [2] | ;presume (RP) | |
ʐ | кешбэ́к[2] | ;pleasure | ʑː | [12] вещдо́к[2] | ;prestige genre | |
Stressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
a | father (Australian English) | æ | [13] | ;pat | ||
ɛ | ; | met | e | [13] | ;mace | |
ɨ | с и́грами | ; ;roses (for some dialects) | i | ; | meet | |
o | ; | chore | ɵ | [13] | ;foot | |
u | cool | ʉ | [13] | ;choose | ||
Unstressed vowels | ||||||
[-soft] | [+soft] | |||||
IPA | Examples | English approximation | IPA | Examples | English approximation | |
ə | [14] | ; ; ;about | ə | [15] | ; ;lasagna | |
ɐ | [14] | ; ; ;bud | ɪ | [16] | ; ; ; ;bit | |
ɛ | тетра́эдр; поэте́сса[17] | met | ||||
ɨ | к Ива́ну | ; ; ; ;roses (for some dialects) | ||||
o | поэте́сса[17] | ;chore | ɵ | ма́чо; сёрфинги́ст[13][18] | foot | |
ʊ | pull | ʉ | [13] | ;youth | ||
Suprasegmental | ||||||
IPA | Example | Explanation | ||||
ˈ | [tɕɪˈtɨrʲɪ] | stress mark, placed before the stressed syllable | ||||
ː | [ˈzːadʲɪ][2] | consonant length mark, placed after the geminated consonant |
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