Havock-class destroyer

The Havock class was a class of torpedo boat destroyer (TBD) of the British Royal Navy. The two ships, Havock and Hornet, built in London in 1893 by Yarrow & Company, were the first TBDs to be completed for the Royal Navy, although the equivalent pair from J.I. Thornycroft, Daring and Decoy, were ordered five days earlier.

HMS Havock
Class overview
Name	Havock class
Builders	Yarrow & Company, London
Operators	Royal Navy
Preceded by	Daring class
Succeeded by	Ferret class
Cost	£66,948 for 2 ships
Built	1893
In commission	1893–1912
Planned	2
Completed	2
Retired	2
General characteristics [1]
Type	Torpedo boat destroyer
Displacement	240 long tons (244 t) light 275 long tons (279 t) full load
Length	185 ft (56.4 m) oa 180 ft (54.9 m) pp
Beam	18 ft 6 in (5.64 m)
Draught	7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
Installed power	c. 3,700 ihp (2,800 kW)
Propulsion	8 × Yarrow water-tube boilers (Hornet) 2 × locomotive boilers (Havock) 2 × triple-expansion steam engines 2 shafts
Speed	26.78 knots (49.60 km/h; 30.82 mph)
Range	3,000 nmi (5,600 km)
Complement	46
Armament	1 × 12-pounder gun 3 × 6-pounder guns 3 (later 2) × torpedo tubes (1 bow, 2 beam)

Background

The invention of the self-propelled torpedo by Robert Whitehead and Austrian Navy Captain Giovanni Luppis in 1866, combined with the introduction of small fast torpedo boats, posed a threat to battleships: large numbers of torpedo boats could overwhelm a battleship's defences and sink it, or distract the battleship and make it vulnerable to opposing capital ships. Torpedo boats proved devastatingly effective in the 1891 Chilean Civil War.

The defence against torpedo boats was clear: small warships accompanying the fleet which could screen and protect it from attack by torpedo boats. Several European navies developed vessels variously known as torpedo boat "catchers", "hunters", and "destroyers"; while the Royal Navy itself operated torpedo gunboats. However, the early designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect. In 1892, the Third Sea Lord, Rear Admiral Jackie Fisher, ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then novel water-tube boilers and quick-firing small calibre guns.

Orders

Six ships to the specifications circulated by the Admiralty were ordered initially, comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder:

• HMS Havock and HMS Hornet from Yarrows.
• HMS Daring and HMS Decoy from John I. Thornycroft & Company (the Daring class).
• HMS Ferret and HMS Lynx from Laird, Son & Company (the Ferret class).

Design

A model of Hornet (Glasgow Museum of Transport)

Havock was built with conventional locomotive boilers (giving her two closely spaced funnels) while Hornet was provided with 8 water tube boilers (giving her 4 widely spaced funnels). In other respects they were largely identical.^[2]

All the boats featured a turtleback (i.e. rounded) forecastle, characteristic of early British TBDs. All six were removed from service and disposed of by the end of 1912, and thus were not affected by the Admiralty decision in 1913 to group all the surviving 27-knot and 30-knot destroyers, which had followed the six 26-knot vessels, into four heterogeneous classes, labelled "A", "B", "C" and "D".

The design of the Russian Russian Sokol-class destroyers was strongly influenced by the Havock-class.^[3]

Construction and trials

Havock was launched first, on 12 August 1893.^[1] Her sea trials on 28 October 1893 were successful, her top speed indicating that she was capable of keeping up with battleships. However, her bow torpedo tube proved to be useless as the ship would usually outrun her own torpedo. It also tended to cause the bows to dig into the sea, resulting in a very wet turtleback. As such it (and later, the turtleback) was absent in later destroyers.

Havock "behaved well" on trials. It was noted that Hornet "steers readily and well" but her coal consumption trial revealed that she used considerably more fuel than her sister.^[2]

Ships

Name	Ship Builder[1]	Laid down[1]	Launched[1]	Completed[1]	Fate[4]
Havock	Yarrow & Company	1 July 1892	12 August 1893	January 1894	Sold 14 May 1912
Hornet	Yarrow & Company	1 July 1892	13 December 1893	July 1894	Sold 12 October 1909

Four other boats based on the Havock class, the Corrientes Class torpedo boat destroyers, were built for the Argentine Navy:^[5]

Name	Ship Builder	Launched[citation needed]	Fate[citation needed]
Corrientes [es]	Yarrow & Company	1897	Scrapped 1930
Misiones [es]	Yarrow & Company	1897	Scrapped 1930
Entre Ríos [es]	Yarrow & Company	1896	Scrapped 1930
Santa Fe [es]	Yarrow & Company	1896	Sunk in Uruguay 1897

Royal Naval Service

Both ships served in home waters, although Hornet was briefly in the Mediterranean in 1909.^[4] Havock had her locomotive boilers replaced with water-tube boilers in 1899–1900, altering her appearance to a more standard 3-funnel arrangement.^[4]

Fate

Havock and Hornet did not survive to see World War I, being broken up in 1912 and 1909 respectively.^[4] With the exception of ARA Santa Fe (sunk 1897), three Argentine Corrientes Class boats served until 1930.

Notes

Citations

1. Lyon (1996), p.53.
2. Lyon (1996), p.55.
3. David Lyon: The First Destroyers. London: Caxton Editions 2001, p. 120.
4. Lyon (1996), p.56.
5. Lyon (1996), p. 58.

Bibliography

• Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
• Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
• Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
• Lyon, David (2001) [1996]. The First Destroyers. London: Caxton Editions. ISBN 1-84067-364-8.
• Manning, T. D. (1961). The British Destroyer. Putnam & Co. OCLC 6470051.
• March, Edgar J. (1966). British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892–1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans. London: Seeley Service. OCLC 164893555.

External links

• Havock and Hornet at battleships-cruisers.co.uk