Hardwicke Parish, New Brunswick

Hardwicke is a geographic parish in Northumberland County, New Brunswick, Canada.^[4]

Hardwicke
Parish
Location within Northumberland County, New Brunswick
Coordinates: 47.075°N 65.02°W / 47.075; -65.02
Country	Canada
Province	New Brunswick
County	Northumberland
Erected	1852
Area [1]
• Land	275.95 km2 (106.54 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[1]
• Total	2,203
• Density	8.0/km2 (21/sq mi)
• Change 2016-2021	0.1%
• Dwellings	1,181
Time zone	UTC-4 (AST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-3 (ADT)

For governance purposes it is part of the Greater Miramichi^[5] and Kent rural districts,^[6] which are members of the Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission and Kent RSC respectively.^[7]

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the local service districts of Baie Ste. Anne, Black River-Hardwicke, Escuminac, and the parish of Hardwicke.^[8] The reforms put Black River-Hardwicke and the Miramichi Bay islands of the parish LSD in the Greater Miramichi rural district, with the remainder going to Kent.

Origin of name

The parish may have been named in honour of the Earl of Hardwicke,^[9] a prominent commander in the Royal Navy at the time of its erection.

More frequently cited as the honouree is Benjamin Hardwick, a contributor to Church of England missions in the area;^[10][11] the extra letter in the name would then be due to clerical error.

History

Hardwicke was erected in 1852 from the eastern part of Glenelg Parish.^[12]

Boundaries

Hardwicke Parish is bounded:^{[2][13][14][15]}

• on the north by Bay du Vin, Miramichi Inner Bay, Miramichi Bay, and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence;
• on the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence;
• on the south by the Kent County line;
• on the west by a line, beginning on the county line at a point about 3.1 kilometres northeasterly of Hells Gate Lake, on the prolongation of the southwestern line of a Little Black River grant to Duncan McNaughton, then running northwesterly along the prolongation and the McNaughton grant to strike Little Black River at a point about 125 metres upstream of the Little Branch Road bridge, then down the Little Black River to its mouth, down the Big Black River to its mouth, and out into Bay du Vin;
• including Bay du Vin Island, Fox Island, and smaller islands in front of the parish.

Evolution of boundaries

When Hardwicke was erected the Kent County line at its eastern end ran from Point Escuminac through land, then the waters of Northumberland Strait, then through land again, leaving a small piece of Kent County isolated from the rest.^[12]

In 1888 this fragment of Kent County was transferred to Hardwicke.^[16]

Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish.^[13][14][15]

• Auburnville
• Baie-Sainte-Anne
• Bay du Vin
• Bay du Vin Beach
• Eel River Bridge
• Escuminac
• Gregan
• Hardwicke
• Hardwood Settlement
• Hortons Creek
• Manuels
• Miramichi^[a]
• Point Gardiner

Bodies of water

Bodies of water^[b] at least partly within the parish.^[13][14][15]

• Bay du Vin River
• Black River
• Eel River
• French River
• Little Black River
• Portage River
• Dennis Creek
• Hortons Creek
• Robichaud Creek
• Gulf of St. Lawrence
• Bay du Vin
• Miramichi Bay
• Baie Sainte-Anne
• Bay du Vin Harbour

Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish.^[13][14][15]

• Bay du Vin Island
• Egg Island
• Fox Island
• Huckleberry Island

Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.^{[13][14][15][17]}

• Bay du Vin Island Protected Natural Area

Demographics

Population Population trend[18][19][20] Census Population Change (%) 2016 2,201 5.5% 2011 2,329 6.2% 2006 2,484 3.1% 2001 2,564 4.8% 1996 2,694 0.1% 1991 2,698 N/A

Language Mother tongue (2016)[20] Language Population Pct (%) French only 1,415 64.3% English only 730 33.2% Both English and French 45 2.0% Other languages 10 0.5%

See also

• List of parishes in New Brunswick

Notes

1. An unincorporated community that had its name long before the city of Miramichi was created.
2. Not including brooks, ponds or coves.

References

1. "Census Profile". Statistics Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
2. "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
3. "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
4. The Territorial Division Act^[2] divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act^[3] clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
5. "Greater Miramichi Regional Service Commission: RD 5". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
6. "Kent Regional Service Commission: RD 6". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
7. "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". Government of New Brunswick. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
8. "Local Service Districts Regulation - Municipalities Act". Government of New Brunswick. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
9. Ganong, William F. (1896). A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick. Royal Society of Canada. p. 239. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
10. Ganong, William F. (1906). Additions and Corrections to Monographs on the Place-Nomenclature, Cartography, Historic Sites, Boundaries and Settlement-origins of the Province of New Brunswick. Royal Society of Canada. p. 26. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
11. "Hardwicke Parish". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
12. "14 Vic. Local Acts c. 6 An Act for dividing the Parish of Glenelg, in the County of Northumberland, into two separate Parishes.". Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1851. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1851. pp. 11–12. Retrieved 27 March 2021. Local Acts have their own page numbering and follow page 56.
13. "No. 61". Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 62, 70, and 71 at same site.
14. "175" (PDF). Transportation and Infrastructure. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 18 June 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 176, 190–192, and 205–207 at same site.
15. "Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)". Government of Canada. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
16. "51 Vic. c. 36 An Act to change a portion of the boundary line between the Counties of Northumberland and Kent, so far as relates to the Parishes of Hardwicke and Carleton.". Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick. Passed in the Months of March and April, 1888. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1888. pp. 76–77. Available as a free ebook from Google Books.
17. "Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas". GeoNB. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
18. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
19. 2011 Statistics Canada Census Profile: Hardwicke Parish, New Brunswick
20. "Census Profile, 2016 Census Hardwicke, Parish [Census subdivision], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 25 September 2019.

47°04′30″N 65°01′12″W