Halocynthia

Halocynthia is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Pyuridae. Species such as H. roretzi are eaten in parts of Asia as a delicacy.

Halocynthia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Tunicata
Class:	Ascidiacea
Order:	Stolidobranchia
Family:	Pyuridae
Genus:	Halocynthia Verrill, 1879
Species
see text

Species within the genus Halocynthia include:^[1]

• Halocynthia aurantium (Pallas, 1787)
• Halocynthia breviramosa Sluiter, 1904
• Halocynthia cactus (Oka, 1932)
• Halocynthia dumosa (Stimpson, 1855)
• Halocynthia hilgendorfi (Traustedt, 1885)
• Halocynthia igaboja Oka, 1906
• Halocynthia igaguri Tokioka, 1953
• Halocynthia microspinosa (Van Name, 1921)
• Halocynthia okai Ritter, 1907
• Halocynthia papillosa (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Halocynthia pyriformis (Rathke, 1806)
• Halocynthia roretzi (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia simaensis Tokioka, 1949
• Halocynthia spinosa Sluiter, 1905
• Halocynthia turboga (Oka, 1929)

Species names currently considered to be synonyms:

• Halocynthia arabica Monniot, 1965: synonym of Halocynthia spinosa Sluiter, 1905
• Halocynthia arctica (Hartmeyer, 1899): synonym of Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Halocynthia carnleyensis Bovien, 1921: synonym of Pyura trita (Sluiter, 1900)
• Halocynthia castaneiformis (Drasche, 1884): synonym of Boltenia villosa (Stimpson, 1864)
• Halocynthia cerebriformis (Herdman, 1881): synonym of Pyura spinosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
• Halocynthia chilensis (Molina, 1782): synonym of Pyura chilensis Molina, 1782
• Halocynthia comma Hartmeyer, 1906: synonym of Pyura comma (Hartmeyer, 1906)
• Halocynthia deani (Ritter, 1900): synonym of Halocynthia aurantium (Pallas, 1787)
• Halocynthia defectiva Millar, 1962: synonym of Halocynthia spinosa Sluiter, 1905
• Halocynthia discoveryi Herdman, 1910: synonym of Pyura discoveryi (Herdman, 1910)
• Halocynthia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Halocynthia gangelion (Savigny, 1816): synonym of Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816)
• Halocynthia grandis (Heller, 1878): synonym of Herdmania grandis (Heller, 1878)
• Halocynthia haustor (Stimpson, 1864): synonym of Pyura haustor (Stimpson, 1864)
• Halocynthia hispida (Herdman, 1881): synonym of Halocynthia dumosa (Stimpson, 1855)
• Halocynthia hystrix Oka, 1930: synonym of Pyura sacciformis (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia jacatrensis (Sluiter, 1890): synonym of Pyura arenosa (Herdman, 1882)
• Halocynthia jakoboja Oka, 1906: synonym of Halocynthia igaboja Oka, 1906
• Halocynthia johnsoni Ritter, 1909: synonym of Pyura haustor (Stimpson, 1864)
• Halocynthia jokoboja Oka, 1906: synonym of Pyura sacciformis (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia karasboja Oka, 1906: synonym of Pyura vittata (Stimpson, 1852)
• Halocynthia michaelseni Oka, 1906: synonym of Pyura sacciformis (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia mirabilis (Drasche, 1884): synonym of Herdmania mirabilis (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia momus (Savigny, 1816): synonym of Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816)
• Halocynthia owstoni Oka, 1906: synonym of Halocynthia igaboja Oka, 1906
• Halocynthia paessleri (Michaelsen, 1900): synonym of Pyura paessleri (Michaelsen, 1900)
• Halocynthia pallida (Heller, 1878): synonym of Herdmania pallida (Heller, 1878)
• Halocynthia partita (Stimpson, 1852): synonym of Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
• Halocynthia polycarpa Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Pyura polycarpa (Sluiter, 1904)
• Halocynthia pulchella (Verrill, 1871): synonym of Dendrodoa pulchella (Rathke, 1806)
• Halocynthia riiseana (Traustedt, 1883): synonym of Pyura vittata (Stimpson, 1852)
• Halocynthia ritteri (Oka, 1906): synonym of Halocynthia igaboja Oka, 1906
• Halocynthia rustica (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of Styela rustica Linnaeus, 1767
• Halocynthia sanderi (Traustedt & Weltner, 1894): synonym of Pyura sacciformis (Drasche, 1884)
• Halocynthia setosa Sluiter, 1905: synonym of Pyura setosa (Sluiter, 1905)
• Halocynthia stubenrauchi (Michaelsen, 1900): synonym of Pyura stubenrauchi (Michaelsen, 1900)
• Halocynthia superba (Ritter, 1900): synonym of Halocynthia aurantium (Pallas, 1787)
• Halocynthia transversaria Sluiter, 1904: synonym of Boltenia transversaria (Sluiter, 1904)
• Halocynthia tuberculum Verrill, 1879: synonym of Styela coriacea (Alder & Hancock, 1848)
• Halocynthia vanhaffeni Michaelsen, 1904: synonym of Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878)
• Halocynthia vanhoeffeni Michaelsen, 1904: synonym of Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878)
• Halocynthia vanhoffeni Michaelsen, 1904: synonym of Pyura stolonifera (Heller, 1878)
• Halocynthia villosa (Stimpson, 1864): synonym of Boltenia villosa (Stimpson, 1864)
• Halocynthia washingtonia Ritter, 1913: synonym of Pyura haustor (Stimpson, 1864)

References

1. Sanamyan, K. (2015). Halocynthia Verrill, 1879 . In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-29.

External links

• Tunicate genus link- contains genus Halocynthia information