Hachisuka Mochiaki

Marquess Hachisuka Mochiaki (蜂須賀 茂韶, 28 September 1846 – 10 February 1918) was the 14th and final daimyō of Tokushima Domain, Awa Province, and the 2nd President of the House of Peers in Meiji period Japan.

Marquess Hachisuka Mochiaki
Hachisuka Mochiaki
14th (Hachisuka) Lord of Tokushima
In office 1868–1871
Preceded by	Hachisuka Narihiro
Succeeded by	none (domain abolished)
Hachisuka family head
In office 1868–1871
Preceded by	Hachisuka Narihiro
Succeeded by	Hachisuka Masaaki
Governor of Tokyo
In office 19 May 1890 – 21 July 1891
Preceded by	Takasaki Goroku
Succeeded by	Tomita Tetsunosuke
President of the House of Peers
In office 21 July 1891 – 3 October 1896
Preceded by	Itō Hirobumi
Succeeded by	Konoe Atsumaro
Minister of Education
In office 28 September 1896 – 6 November 1897
Preceded by	Saionji Kinmochi
Succeeded by	Hamao Arata
Personal details
Born	(1846-09-28)September 28, 1846 Edo, Japan
Died	February 10, 1918(1918-02-10) (aged 71) Tokyo, Japan

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hachisuka.

Early life

Hachisuka was born at the Hachisuka domain residence in Edo, as the eldest son of the 13th daimyō Hachisuka Narihiro (1821–1868). Hachisuka Narihiro was the 22nd child of shōgun Tokugawa Ienari, and was adopted into the Hachisuka clan as the 12th daimyō, Hachisuka Narimasa was childless. Thus, Mochiaki was the grandson of Tokugawa Ienari, nephew of Tokugawa Ieyoshi and cousin of Tokugawa Iesada and Iemochi. However, when his father suddenly died in 1868 and he became heir, Japan was already in the midst of the Boshin War leading to the Meiji Restoration. Quick to see the direction in which the wind was blowing, he pledged loyalty to the Imperial forces, and led his troops against Tokugawa partisans in Mutsu Province. His forces were armed with western rifles and accompanied by British military advisors, giving him a much greater strength than their small numbers might have indicated.

Political career

In 1869, with the hanseki hokan (Abolition of the han system), he was appointed Governor of Tokushima Prefecture.

In 1872, Hachisuka went to Great Britain and attended Oxford University, where he enrolled at Balliol College in 1874.^[1] After returning to Japan, he joined the government as Director of the Customs Bureau director in the Ministry of Finance and a member of Sanjiin (legislative advisory council).

In 1882, Hachisuka was envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to France, and received the title of kōshaku (marquis) under the new kazoku peerage system. After returning to Japan, he served as a member of the House of Peers, Governor of Tokyo Prefecture, President of the House of Peers, Minister of Education, and Privy Councillor.

He died in 1918, and his grave is located in Tokushima.

Honours

Translated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

• Marquess (7 July 1884)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (14 March 1896)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (26 December 1903) (Second Class: 25 November 1887; Third Class: 16 July 1881)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (10 February 1918; posthumous)

Order of precedence

• Fourth rank (April 1860)
• Second rank (21 April 1868)
• Senior second rank (20 December 1895)
• First rank (10 February 1918; posthumous)

Personal life

Hachisuka Mochiaki ran an experimental farm in Hokkaidō, as he often stated that the nobility needed to have some gainful employment other than government service. He also enjoyed haiku poetry and noh drama and actively promoted these traditional arts.

Family

• Father: Hachisuka Narihiro
• Mother: Takatsukasa Shinako (1820–1858)
• Wives:
  • Ayahime
  • Yoriko (1854–1923)
• Concubine: unknown
• Child: Hachisuka Masaaki (1871–1932)

Ancestry

^[2]

Ancestors of Hachisuka Mochiaki

16. Tokugawa Munetada, 1st Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1721–1765) 8. Tokugawa Harusada, 2nd Hitotsubashi-Tokugawa family head (1751–1827) 17. Hosoda (O-Yukanokata) 4. Tokugawa Ienari, 11th Tokugawa shōgun (1773–1841) 18. Iwamoto Masatoshi 9. O-Tominokata (d. 1817) 19. Umeda 2. Hachisuka Narihiro, 13th Lord of Tokushima (1821–1868) 10. Makino Tadakatsu 5. Kaishun'in (d. 1843) 1. Marquess Hachisuka Mochiaki, 14th Lord of Tokushima 24. Takatsukasa Sukehira (1738–1813) 12. Takatsukasa Masahiro (1761–1841) 25. Mori Sayo (1746–1769) 6. Takatsukasa Masamichi (1789–1868) 26. Hachisuka Shigeyoshi, 10th Lord of Tokushima (1738–1801) 13. Hachisuka Noriko (1771–1795) 27. Yanada 3. Takatsukasa Shinako (1820–1858)

Reference and further reading

1. Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). "Mochi-Aki-Hachisuka" . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
2. "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 17 November 2017.

• Beasley, W. G. The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.
• Cobbing, Andrew. The Japanese Discovery of Victorian Britain. RoutledgeCurzon, London, 1998. ISBN 1-873410-81-6
• Fraser, Andrew. Japan's Early Parliaments, 1890–1905. Routledge(1995). ISBN 0-415-03075-7
• Koyama Noboru. Japanese Students at Cambridge University in the Meiji Era, 1868–1912: Pioneers for the Modernization of Japan. Lulu.com (2004). ISBN 1-4116-1256-6

External links

• – Biography and Photo in National Diet Library

Preceded by Hachisuka Narihiro	14th (Hachisuka) Lord of Tokushima 1868–1871	Succeeded by none (domain abolished)
Preceded by Hachisuka Narihiro	Hachisuka family head 1868–1871	Succeeded by Hachisuka Masaaki
Preceded by Takasaki Goroku	Governor of Tokyo 1890–1891	Succeeded by Tomita Tetsunosuke
Preceded by Itō Hirobumi	President of the House of Peers 1891–1896	Succeeded by Konoe Atsumaro
Preceded by Saionji Kinmochi	Minister of Education 1896–1897	Succeeded by Hamao Arata