The HQ-16 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-16; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-16; pinyin: Hóng Qí-16; lit. 'Red Banner-16'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-16)[4][5] is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) from the People's Republic of China. It is derived from earlier versions of the Russian Buk missile system.[1][3]
| HQ-16 | |
|---|---|
 HQ-16A ground launcher | |
| Type | Surface-to-air missile |
| Place of origin | People's Republic of China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2011 – present |
| Used by | Primary user: China See Operators section for others |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST) |
| Specifications | |
Detonation mechanism | impact / proximity |
| Engine | rocket motor |
| Propellant | solid fuel |
Operational range | 40 kilometres (25 mi) (HQ-16/HQ-16A) (slant)[1] 70 kilometres (43 mi) (HQ-16B)[1] 160 kilometres (99 mi) (HQ-16FE)[2] |
Guidance system | Semi-active radar homing[1] |
Launch platform | Transporter erector launcher[1] Ship[3] |
Development
Development began in 2005, and was reportedly assisted by the Almaz-Antey Corporation.[4] It was initially developed as a naval system.[1] In late-2011, China reported the "co-development between Russia and China" of the missile was complete.[4]
The HQ-16B was developed by late-2011.[4]
A ground battery consists of a command post, two multifunction radars, and four to six launchers. Each launcher has six missiles.[1]
Operational history
The platform for the HHQ-16, the Type 054A frigate, entered service in 2008.[6] The HQ-16A entered service in 2011.[7]
The HQ-16A entered Chinese service in 2011.[7]
Pakistan entered negotiations to purchase the missile in 2015.[8] The LY-80s entered service with the Pakistan Army in March 2017.[9]
Variants
- HQ-16A
Original land-based variant[1] with a range of 40 kilometres (25 mi).[7]
- HHQ-16
Naval variant,[3] reportedly a domestic-produced variant of the 9M317ME missile.[10]
- HQ-16B
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]
- HQ-16C
Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]
- LY-80
Export variant.[11]
- LY-80N
Export naval variant.[11]
- HQ-16FE
Improved variant with range up to 160 kilometres (99 mi).[2]
Operators
- People's Liberation Army Ground Force – 250 HQ-16A & HQ-16B[12]
- People's Liberation Army Navy – HHQ-16[13]
- Pakistan Army – LY-80[11]
- Pakistan Navy – LY-80N[11]
References
Sources
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