HMS Duchess of York (1801)

For other ships with the same name, see Duchess of York (ship).

Duchess of York was built in 1801 at Calcutta, British India, for the Royal Navy.^[1] She served in support of the expedition to the Red Sea (1801-1802) and apparently then was sold for the mercantile trade. She traded in the East Indies, and made some voyages to Port Jackson, New South Wales. Duchess of York was wrecked along the coastline of Madagascar in 1811.^[1]

History
United Kingdom
Name	Dutchess of York
Namesake	Duchess of York
Builder	Hudson & Bacon, Calcutta[1]
Launched	1801
Fate	Sold
United Kingdom
Name	Duchess of York
Owner	Campbell & Hook[2]
Acquired	By purchase
Fate	Wrecked 18 February 1811
General characteristics
Tons burthen	192,[2] or 198[1] (bm)
Propulsion	Sail
Complement	25[2]
Armament	14 guns[2]

Royal Navy

Duchess of York, described as a "schooner", a generic term for a smaller vessel, was built for the Navy.^[1] Some statements of expenses for the Red Sea expedition in 1801-2 make clear that the "Duchess of York schooner" was one of "his majesty's ships".^[3]

In 1802 she was in the Red Sea, supporting General Baird's expedition to Egypt to help General Ralph Abercromby expel the French there. On 14 June the transport Calcutta wrecked on the Egyptian coast. She was carrying 331 men of the 80th Regiment of Foot and 79 native Indian followers. Romney arrived the next day, as did two transports. Only Romney was able to get her boats out but they were able to rescue and deliver to the shore all but seven men who had died in an early attempt to reach shore. Captain Sir Home Riggs Popham, in Romney, left Duchess of York to salvage anything that could be salvaged and then sailed to Suez from whence he dispatched Wilhelmina to pick up the troops on the 15th and carry them back to India.^[4]

At some point the Navy sold Duchess of York. Apparently her career was so brief and limited to the Indian Ocean that no records of her service reached the Admiralty.

Mercantile career

Duchess of York, Austin Forest, master, arrived at Port Jackson on 4 April 1807 from Bengal. She was primarily carrying merchandise, including an ample supply of rice; she also transported two military convicts.^[5]

New South Wales government records show her returning to Port Jackson on 26 October with 65 tons of sandalwood from "Feejee".^[6] She left on 24 November for "Feejees" (Fiji).^[7] She left in ballast, but with 40 men aboard.^[6] She returned again with sandalwood in January 1808.^[8]

On 30 March Forrest sailed for "Feejee" again and from there intended to sail to China via an eastern route in order to sell his sandalwood there. He was unable to reach China because of unfavourable winds and so instead sailed there via the Straits of Malacca. She then was so long returning to Bengal that she was feared lost. On his way he stopped at Bencoolen and sailed from there for China on 2 July.^[8]

After some 20 months, Duchess of York arrived at Calcutta on 29 July 1808. She was four months out of Sandel Island, which was also known as Sandalwood Island.^[9]

Loss

Duchess of York arrived at Tamatave, Madagascar, on 17 February 1811 with a detachment of soldiers of the 22nd Regiment of Foot as the British were desirous of occupying the area as it was a source of provisions and cattle for Île de France, which they were about to attack. Duchess of York was in company with the brig HMS Eclipse. They landed their troops, and Duchess of York took off the French garrison. The next day the troops of the 22nd Foot and of the Bourbon rifle corps, having taken Tamatave, also took Foule Point, the last French settlements on the east coast of Madagascar.^[10] However, a sudden wind parted Duchess of York from her anchor. She was seen going down in deep water and observers believed that she had struck a rock. All aboard were lost.^[11]

Citations

1. Phipps (1840), p. 99.
2. Bladen (1898), pp. 271–2.
3. The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, a View of the History of ... (1805), Vol. 7, pp.124 & 163.
4. The Asiatic Annual Register; Or, A View of the History of Hindustan,: And of the Politics, Commerce, and Literature of Asia, ... (1803), pp.152-3.
5. "NRS 1155: Musters and other papers relating to convict ships". State Archives of NSW. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
6. Bladen (1898), pp. 404–5.
7. "Arrival of Vessels at Port Jackson, and their Departure". Australian Town and Country Journal, Saturday 3 January 1891, p.16. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
8. Asiatic annual register or a view of the history of Hindustan ..., Vol. 10, pp.84-5.
9. Lockerby, Im Thurn & Ferdinand (1922), pp. 197–99, Vol. 52.
10. Norie, p. 271.
11. The Literary Panorama, Being A Compendium Of National Papers And Parliamentary Reports, Illustrative Of The History, Statistics, And Commerce Of The Empire; A Universal Epitome Of Interesting And Amusing Intelligence From All Quarters Of The Globe; A Review Of Books, And Magazine Of Varieties Forming An Annual Registers (1812), p.511.

References

• Bladen, Frank Murcot (1898). Historical Records of New South Wales. Vol. 6. C. Potter.
• Lockerby, William; Im Thurn, Leonard C. (Leonard Cyril); Ferdinand, Everard, eds. (1922). The journal of William Lockerby, sandalwood trader in the Fijian Islands during the years 1808-1809: with an introduction & other papers connected with the earliest European visitors to the Islands. Hakluyt Society.
• Norie, J.W. The naval gazetteer, biographer and chronologist; containing a history of the late wars from ... 1793 to ... 1801; and from ... 1803 to 1815, and continued, as to the biographical part to the present time. London: C.Wilson.
• Phipps, John (1840). A Collection of Papers Relative to Ship Building in India ...: Also a Register Comprehending All the Ships ... Built in India to the Present Time ... Scott.