Gujrat District

Not to be confused with Gujarat.

Gujrat (Punjabi, Urdu: ضلع گجرات) is district of Gujrat Division in the Pakistani province of Punjab. District Gujrat was created by British Government in 1846. According to 2023 Pakistani census population of Gujrat District is 3,219,375.

Gujrat ضلع گجرات
District
Top: Mosque in the city of Gujrat Bottom Left: Gujrat Eidgah Bottom Right: Rice fields in Chakrian
Map of Gujrat District in Punjab
Country	Pakistan
Province	Punjab
Division	Gujrat Division
Established	1846; 178 years ago (1846)
Founded by	British Raj
Headquarters	Gujrat
Administrative Subdivisions	04 Gujrat Tehsil Kharian Tehsil Sarai Alamgir Tehsil Jalalpur Jattan Tehsil
Government
• Type	District Administration
• Deputy Commissioner	Ch.Safdar Hussain Virk [1]
• District Police Officer	Umar Salamat
• Constituensy	NA-62 Gujrat-I NA-63 Gujrat-II NA-64 Gujrat-III NA-65 Gujrat-IV
Area
• District	3,192 km2 (1,232 sq mi)
Population  (2023)[2]
• District	3,219,375
• Density	1,000/km2 (2,600/sq mi)
• Urban	1,324,264
• Rural	1,895,111
Literacy [3]
• Literacy rate	Total: (81.37%) Male: (84.81%) Female: (77.95%)
Time zone	UTC+5 (PST)
Area code	053
Main language(s)	Punjabi, Urdu
Website	https://gujrat.punjab.gov.pk/

Geographics

It is bounded on the northeast by Bhimber district, on the north by Mirpur district, on the northwest by the River Jhelum, which separates it from Jhelum district, on the east and southeast by the Chenab river, separating it from the districts of Gujranwala and Sialkot, and on the west by Mandi Bahauddin district. Gujrat district is spread over an area of 3,192 square kilometres.

It is geographically located between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers and headquartered at the city of Gujrat.

History

Ancient history

According to the British Imperial Gazetteer:

Gujrat town itself is a place of some antiquity, and the district bounds in ancient sites.The region was conquered by Chandragupta Maurya. It remained under the Mauryas for a few hundred years until shortly after the death of Ashoka in 231, and about forty years later came under the sway of Demetrius the Graeco-Bactrian. The overthrow of the Bactrians by the Parthians in the latter half of the second century brought another change of rulers, and the coins of the Indo-Parthian Maues (c. 120 B. c.), who is known to local tradition as Raja Moga, have been found at Mong. At the end of the first century A. D., i.e. the whole of the Punjab was conquered by the Yueh-chi. For several hundred years nothing is known of the history of the District, except that between 455 and 540 it must have been exposed to the ravages of the White Huns. Dr. Stein holds that the District formed part of the kingdom of Gurjara(Gurjar), which, according to the Rajatarangini, was invaded between 883 and 902 by Shankara Varman of Kashmir, who defeated its king Alakana.^[4]

However the foundation of the capital, Gujrat, according to the Ancient Geography of India:

is ascribed to a king named Bachan Pal of whom nothing more is known; and its restoration is attributed to Alakhana, the Maha Raja of Gurjara, who was defeated by Sangkara Varmma between AD 883 and AD 901.^[5]

Islamic Rule (Ghaznavid, Ghurid, Delhi, Suri, and Mughal Empires)

In 997 CE, Mahmud Ghaznavi, took rule over the Ghaznavid dynasty established by his father Sebuktegin. After defeating the Hindu Shahis, he conquered their kingdom entirely which included the Punjab region of modern day Pakistan.

After defeating the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids took over the region. They were in turn succeeded by the Sultanates of Delhi.

The Mughal emperor Akbar established Gujrat as a district along with many others when he began consolidating his rule over his vast empire. Jahangir, Akbar's son and successor, in his memoirs records the following information on Gujrat:

At the time when His Majesty Akbar went to Kashmir, a fort had been built on the bank of that river. Having brought to this fort a body of Gujars who had passed their time in the neighbourhood in thieving and highway robbery, he established them here. As it had become the abode of Gujars, he made it a separate pargana, and gave it the name of Gujrat. "^[6]

Revenue records have been preserved in the families of the hereditary registrars (kanungos), and these exhibit Gujrat as the capital of a district containing 2,592 villages, paying a revenue of 11.6 million. In 1605, the famous Sayyid Abdul Kasim received Gujrat as a fief from Akbar.

In 1707, with Aurangzeb's death, the decline of Mughal power began in the Punjab region. Nadir Shah occupied the Punjab including Gujrat during his invasion of the Mughal Empire in 1739. The area was captured by Punjabi Gakhar tribesmen from near the Rawalpindi area after the invasion.

Gujrat and Punjab as a whole was devastated further from the invasions of the Durrani Afghans (Pashtuns) under Ahmad Shah Durrani between 1748 and 1767. Durrani took direct control over Punjab after Mir Mannu, the Mughal governor of Punjab, died in 1753. Durrani would frequently cross the area for plunder and to fight the newly emerged Sikh Misls.^[4]

Sikh and British era

The Sikhs eventually took over most of northern Punjab after Ahmad Shah Durrani’s final invasion in 1767. The Sikhs under Gujjar Singh Bhangi took Gujrat after defeating the local Punjabi Ghakhars under Muqqarab Khan.

In 1798, the Bhangi leader Sahib Singh pledged allegiance to the Sukerchakia Misl of Ranjit Singh. By 1810, Ranjit Singh's armies captured the city from Bhangi forces, thereby extending the rule of the Sikh Empire to the city.

The Sikh empire declined following Ranjit Singh’s death in 1839. The British East India Company defeated the Sikhs between 1845 and 1846 during the First Anglo-Sikh War, reducing their power significantly. Two years later, the empire collapsed after the British EIC again decisively defeated the Sikhs at the Battle of Gujrat, thus ending the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The Sikh empire was entirely annexed and incorporated into the rule of the British EIC.^[4]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1951	742,892	—
1961	835,045	+1.18%
1972	1,177,345	+3.17%
1981	1,408,585	+2.01%
1998	2,048,008	+2.23%
2017	2,756,289	+1.58%
2023	3,219,375	+2.62%
Sources:[7]

At the time of the 2017 census, Gujrat district had 436,952 households and a population of 2,756,289. Gujrat had a sex ratio of 1065 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 78.68% - 83.32% for males and 74.47% for females. 827,500 (30.02%) lived in urban areas. 656,987 (23.84%) were under 10 years of age.^[8] In 2023, the district had 489,589 households and a population of 3,219,375.^[2]

Religion

Religion in Gujrat district (2023)[9]
Religion			Percent
Islam			98.92%
Christianity			0.95%
Other			0.13%

As per the 2023 census, Islam is the dominant religion with 98.92% of the population while there is a minority of 0.95% Christians who live mainly in urban areas.

Religion in Gujrat District

Religious group	1941[10][a]		2017[8]		2023[11]
			Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam	622,902	88.12%	2,730,946	99.08%	3,181,322	98.92%
Hinduism [b]	45,802	6.48%	120	0%	217	0.01%
Sikhism	36,055	5.10%	—	—	38	~0%
Christianity	2,070	0.29%	21,117	0.77%	30,485	0.95%
Ahmadi[c]	—	—	4,007	0.15%	3,825	0.12%
Others	36	0.01%	99	0%	113	~0%
Total Population	706,865	100%	2,756,289	100%	3,216,000	100%

Religious groups in Gujrat District (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1901[12]		1911[13][14]		1921[15]		1931[16]		1941[10]
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Islam	655,838	87.38%	650,893	87.29%	709,684	86.12%	786,750	85.29%	945,609	85.58%
Hinduism [b]	69,346	9.24%	49,430	6.63%	62,529	7.59%	73,356	7.95%	84,643	7.66%
Sikhism	24,893	3.32%	44,693	5.99%	49,456	6%	59,188	6.42%	70,233	6.36%
Christianity	460	0.06%	570	0.08%	2,373	0.29%	3,097	0.34%	4,449	0.4%
Jainism	11	0%	48	0.01%	4	0%	32	0%	10	0%
Buddhism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	4	0%	0	0%
Zoroastrianism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Judaism	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Others	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	8	0%
Total population	750,548	100%	745,634	100%	824,046	100%	922,427	100%	1,104,952	100%
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Gujrat District (1921)^[15]

Tehsil	Islam		Hinduism		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others[d]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Gujrat Tehsil	255,252	86.36%	26,209	8.87%	13,241	4.48%	845	0.29%	4	0%	0	0%	295,551	100%
Kharian Tehsil	224,020	89.54%	12,608	5.04%	13,270	5.3%	303	0.12%	0	0%	0	0%	250,201	100%
Phalia Tehsil	230,412	82.79%	23,712	8.52%	22,945	8.24%	1,225	0.44%	0	0%	0	0%	278,294	100%
Note: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Religion in the Tehsils of Gujrat District (1941)^[10]

Tehsil	Islam		Hinduism [b]		Sikhism		Christianity		Jainism		Others[e]		Total
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Gujrat Tehsil	331,261	86.96%	29,197	7.66%	18,896	4.96%	1,545	0.41%	10	0%	14	0%	380,923	100%
Kharian Tehsil	291,641	89.48%	16,603	5.09%	17,159	5.26%	525	0.16%	0	0%	14	0%	325,942	100%
Phalia Tehsil	322,707	81.06%	38,843	9.76%	34,178	8.59%	2,321	0.58%	0	0%	38	0.01%	398,087	100%
Note1: British Punjab province era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. Note2: Tehsil religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on census. Does not include Anglo-Indian Christians or British Christians, who were classified under "Other" category.

Language

Languages of Gujrat district (2023)^[17]

  Punjabi (93.47%)

  Urdu (3.48%)

  Pashto (2.16%)

  Others (0.89%)

According to the 2023 Pakistani census, 93.47% of the population spoke Punjabi, 3.48% Urdu and 2.16% Pashto as their first language.

Administration

The district is administratively subdivided into following tehsils:

Tehsil[18]	Area (km²)[19]	Pop. (2023)	Density (ppl/km²) (2023)	Literacy rate (2023)[20]	Union Councils
Gujrat	1,463	1,746,173	1,193.56	82.48%	...
Kharian	1,154	1,174,935	1,018.14	79.69%	...
Sarai Alamgir	575	298,267	518.73	81.55	...
Jalalpur Jattan[21]	...	...	...	...	...
Kunjah	...	...	...	...	...

Education

Gujrat district has the 2nd highest literacy rate in Punjab(2023)^[22]. District Gujrat has a total of 1,475 government schools at primary and secondary level.^[23] Out of these public schools, 60 percent (889 schools) are for girls. According to the latest available data, 323,058 students are enrolled in the public schools while 10,581 teachers are working in these schools.

Notable people

Politicians

• Aitzaz Ahsan, Pakistani barrister
• Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan 1972–1977
• Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi, former chief minister of Punjab and Federal Minister, Speaker of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab (from 16 August 2018 to present and from 1997 to June 2001).
• Mian Tariq Mehmood, former chairman, Town Committee Dinga, during 1987-92; former member, Provincial Assembly of the Punjab during 1988-90, 1990-93, 1997-99, 2008-13 and 2013-18; also functioned as parliamentary secretary for social welfare & zakat during 1988-90 and 1990-93; and as minister for population welfare during 1993.
• Chaudhry Zahoor Elahi, politician
• Moonis Elahi, former federal minister for water resources, ^[24] former MPA (2008-18) and MNA (2018-23) from Gujrat
• Chaudhry Muhammed Farooq, former law minister
• Nawabzada Ghazanfar Ali Gul, former Federal Minister of Pakistan
• Mian Muhammad Afzal Hayat, former chief minister of Punjab and served as ambassador in different countries
• Shujaat Hussain, former 16th prime minister of Pakistan on a temporary basis (30 June 2004 to 28 August 2004)
• Chaudhry Jaffar Iqbal, Vice-President of PML-N Punjab
• Qamar Zaman Kaira, former federal minister of Pakistan
• Mian Imran Masood, former MPA of Gujrat and minister of education Punjab.
• Ahmad Mukhtar, former minister for defence, Government of Pakistan
• Yasmin Qureshi, British MP

Scholars

• Ismat Beg, scientist
• Faisal Masud, medical doctor

Military

• Major Muhammad Akram, Nishan-e-Haider
• Major Raja Aziz Bhatti, Nishan-e-Haider
• Mohammad Shariff, Pakistan Navy Chief of Naval Staff and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
• General Raheel Sharif, is a four-star rank army general, served as the 15th Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
• Major Shabbir Sharif, Nishan-e-Haider
• ACM Zaheer Ahmad Babar, is a four-star rank Air Chief Marshal, serving AirChief of Pakistan. Pakistan Air Force.

Poets

• Orya Maqbool Jan, writer, columnist, analyst, former civil servant, and poet
• Shareef Kunjahi, Punjabi writer and poet
• Anwar Masood, poet
• Krishna Sobti, Hindi Writer
• Fakhar Zaman, writer and poet

Sport

• Tanwir Afzal, Hong Kong cricketer.
• Imtiaz Bhatti, Pakistani cyclist and a former Air Force pilot of Pakistan.
• Mudassar Bukhari. Dutch cricketer.
• Rizwan Cheema, Pakistani-Canadian cricketer.
• Munir Dar, Hong Kong cricketer.

Actors/Actresses

• Inayat Hussain Bhatti, film director and actor
• Ejaz Durrani, actor
• Shagufta Ejaz, actress
• Sabiha Khanum, actress

Musicians

• Adeel Chaudhry, also a dentist, actor, and model
• Alam Lohar, Punjabi folk singer
• Arif Lohar, Punjabi folk singer
• Zoe Viccaji, Pakistani singer-songwriter and musical actress

Other

• The family of UK-born Shafilea Ahmed, an honour killing victim, originated from Uttam.^[25]

See also

• List of populated places in Gujrat District

References

1. "DCs of Gujrat, Rahim Yar Khan transferred". Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved 11 April 2023.
2. "TABLE 1 : HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2023.
3. "Literacy rate, enrolments, and out-of-school population by sex and rural/urban, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
4. Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 366
5. The Ancient Geography of India, page 151, Alexander Cunningham
6. The Memoirs of Jahangueir (Rogers), Volume 1, chpt. 23
7. "Population by administrative units 1951-1998" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
8. "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2017)". www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
9. "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2023)" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
10. "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". 1941. p. 42. JSTOR saoa.crl.28215541. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
11. "Pakistan Census 2023" (PDF).
12. "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. p. 34. JSTOR saoa.crl.25363739. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
13. "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. p. 27. JSTOR saoa.crl.25393788. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
14. Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". p. 27. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
15. "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. p. 29. JSTOR saoa.crl.25430165. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
16. "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. p. 277. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793242. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
17. "District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2023)" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
18. Divisions/Districts of Pakistan Archived 2006-09-30 at the Wayback Machine Note: Although divisions as an administrative structure has been abolished, the election commission of Pakistan still groups districts under the division names
19. "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, PUNJAB" (PDF).
20. "LITERACY RATE, ENROLMENT AND OUT OF SCHOOL POPULATION BY SEX AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
21. Ahmad, Salman. "Punjab to Get Two New Tehsils". ProPakistani.pk website. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
22. "LITERACY RATE, ENROLMENT AND OUT OF SCHOOL POPULATION BY SEX AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS-2023" (PDF).
23. "Punjab Annual Schools Census Data 2014-15". School Education Department, Government of the Punjab website. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
24. "PML-Q's Moonis Elahi sworn in as federal minister". Dawn.com. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
25. Crilly, Rob (3 August 2012). "The Pakistan village where Shafilea drank bleach to avoid an arranged marriage". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2019.

1. Gujrat and Kharian tehsils of erstwhile Gujrat district, which roughly correspond to the present district.
2. 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
3. Were classified as Muslims prior to 1974
4. Including Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated
5. Including Anglo-Indian Christians, British Christians, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Tribals, others, or not stated

External links

• Gujrat, Pakistan
• District Gujrat, Pakistan

32°35′N 73°45′E