Guangyun

For other uses, see Guangyun (disambiguation).

The Guangyun (Kuang-yun; simplified Chinese: 广韵; traditional Chinese: 廣韻; pinyin: Guǎngyùn; Wade–Giles: Kuang³-yün⁴; lit. 'Broad Rimes') is a Chinese rime dictionary that was compiled from 1007 to 1008 under the patronage of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Its full name was Dà Sòng chóngxiū guǎngyùn (大宋重修廣韻, literally "Great Song revised and expanded rhymes"). Chen Pengnian (陳彭年, 961–1017) and Qiu Yong (邱雍) were the chief editors.

The beginning of the first rhyme group of the Guangyun, with first character 東 ("east")

The dictionary is a revision and expansion of the influential Qieyun rime dictionary of 601, and was itself later revised as the Jiyun. Pingshui Yun system, the standard for poetry rhyming after the Song Dynasty, is also based on Guangyun. Until the discovery of an almost complete early 8th century edition of the Qieyun in 1947, the Guangyun was the most accurate available account of the Qieyun phonology, and was heavily used in early work on the reconstruction of Middle Chinese. It is still used as a major source.^[1][2]

The Guangyun has a similar hierarchical organization to the Qieyun:

• The dictionary is split into four tones in five volumes, two for the Middle Chinese level tone (平聲) and one each for the three oblique tones, rising (上聲), departing (去聲) and entering (入聲).
• Each tone is split into rimes, with a total of 206 final rimes, increased from 193 in the Qieyun.
• Each rime is divided into groups of homophonous characters, with the pronunciation of each group given by a fanqie formula.

The dictionary has a total of 26,194 character entries, each containing a brief explanation of the character's meaning.^[3]

The Unihan database incorporates the "SBGY" (Songben Guangyun; "Song edition Guangyun") dataset with 25,334 head-entries for 19,583 characters.^[4]

Table of Consonants

Table of Consonants in the Guangyun Sound System[5][6]
Location			Manner
Traditional Name		New Name	Traditional Name	Unvoiced Unaspirated			Unvoiced Aspirated		Voiced			Nasal
			New Name	Unaspirated			Aspirated		Voiced			Nasal	l	Semivowels
				Stops	Affricates	Fricatives	Stops	Affricates	Stops	Affricates	Fricatives
Labial	Bilabials	Bilabial	p				pʰ		b			m
	Labiodentals	Labiodental			pf			pfʰ		bv		ɱ
Aveolar	Dental stops	Dental stops	t				tʰ		d			n
	Retroflex stops	Palatal	ȶ				ȶʰ		ȡ			ȵ
Lateral	Dental affricates	Anterior coronal			ts	s		sʰ		dz	z
	Retroflex/ Alveolo-palatal affricates	Tongue blade			tʃ	ʃ		tʃʰ		dʒ
		Palatal			tɕ	ɕ		tɕʰ		dʑ	ʒ
Velars		Guttural	k				kʰ		g			ŋ
Glottal		Glottal	ʔ
		Guttural				x					ɣ
		Laminal												j
Half dental lateral		Alveolar											l
Half retroflex		Palatal										ȵ, ʑ

References

1. Baxter, William H. (1992). A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 38–39. ISBN 978-3-11-012324-1..
2. Norman, Jerry (1988). Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
3. Teng, Ssu-yü; Biggerstaff, Knight (1971). An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-674-03851-6.
4. Jenkins, John H.; Cook, Richard (2010). "Unicode Standard Annex #38: Unicode Han Database". Unicode Consortium.
5. Li 2017, p. 48.
6. JACQUES 2015.

Bibliography

• JACQUES, Guillaume (2015). "Traditional Chinese Phonology". In Sybesma, Rint (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics. Brill. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
• Li, Jialong (李加龙) (2017). Hànyǔ Fāngyán Diàochá 汉语方言调查 [Chinese Phonological Research]. Beijing: The Commercial Press. ISBN 978-7-100-12869-8.

External links

• A comprehensive parallel presentation of various Qieyun fragments and editions, by Zuzuki Shingo 鈴木 慎吾, including the Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
• Songben Guangyun, with dictionary lookup – Chinese Text Project
• GuangYun Initials and Rhymes, Dylan W.H. Sung
• Songben Guangyun in electronic form
• Yonh Tenx Myangx 韻典網 (Rhyme Dictionary Website)