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The Guabirotuba Formation is a late Middle Eocene (Divisaderan in the SALMA classification) geologic formation of the Curitiba Basin in Paraná, Brazil. The formation crops out in and around the city of Curitiba and comprises mudstones and sandstones deposited in a fluvial floodplain environment.
| Guabirotuba Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Mid Eocene (Divisaderan) ~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Underlies | alluvium |
| Overlies | Cambrian basement |
| Thickness | 60–80 m (200–260 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Mudstone, sandstone |
| Other | Conglomerate |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 25.5°S 49.3°W |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 27.5°S 39.8°W |
| Region | Paraná |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Extent | Curitiba Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Guabirotuba, Curitiba |
| Named by | Salamuni & Bigarella |
| Year defined | 1962 |
  Guabirotuba Formation (Brazil) | |
The 60 to 80 metres (200 to 260 ft) thick formation has provided several fossil mammals, and indeterminate side-neck turtle fossils, and indeterminate terror bird fossils. A newly described species of Cingulata; Proeocoleophorus carlinii was also found in the formation.
The Guabirotuba Formation was first described by Riad Salamuni and João José Bigarella in 1962. The geologists named the formation after Guabirotuba, a neighborhood of Curitiba, the capital of Paraná State.[1] The formation is the lowermost sedimentary unit in the 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) Curitiba Basin, a Cenozoic continental rift basin of southeastern Brazil,[2] overlying Cambrian basement comprising gneisses, amphibolites and migmatites of the Atuba Complex and metasediments of the Açungui Group.[3][4]
Lithologies
The 60 to 80 metres (200 to 260 ft) thick Guabirotuba Formation comprises a basal conglomerate,[5] mudstones and sandstones,[3] deposited in a fluvial floodplain environment.[2][6]
The sediments of the formation contain between 0.24 and 2.61% heavy minerals.[7] Heavy mineral analysis on the very abundant zircons, abundant epidote, common tourmaline and kyanite and rare rutile has provided insight in the paleocurrents of the fluvial environment, with predominant flow directions towards the northwest and east-northeast.[8]
Age
The age of the formation has been a matter of debate, with early descriptions assigning the formation to the Miocene to Pliocene,[6] but after the discovery of a mammal fauna described by Sedor et al. in 2017, the age of the formation has been defined as late Middle Eocene, or "Barrancan", which is a sub-age of the Divisaderan South American land mammal age,[note 1] ranging from approximately 42 to 39 Ma.[10][11]
The Guabirotuba Formation is one of few formations in Brazil providing Paleogene mammal faunas, between the older Tiupampan Maria Farinha Formation of the Parnaíba Basin and the Itaboraian Itaboraí Formation of the Itaboraí Basin in Rio de Janeiro State, and the younger Tinguirirican Entre-Córregos Formation of the Aiuruoca Basin and the Deseadan Tremembé Formation of the Taubaté Basin.[2]
Fossil content
Fossils recovered from the formation include:[12]
| Class | Group | Fossils | Images | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mammals | Dasypodidae | Machlydotherium sp. | [12] | |
| Meteutatus sp. | [12] | |||
| Parutaetus sp. | [12] | |||
| Utaetus sp. | [12] | |||
| Astegotheriini indet. | [12] | |||
| Parutaetus oliveira | [12][13] | |||
| Cingulata | Proeocoleophorus carlinii | [12] | ||
| Notoungulata | Oldfieldthomasiidae indet. | [12] | ||
| Notopithecidae indet. | [12] | |||
| Astrapotheria | Astrapotheria indet. | [12] | ||
| Paucituberculata | Palaeothentoidea indet. | [12] | ||
| Sparassodonta | Nemolestes sp. | [12] | ||
| Theriiformes | Argyrolagoidea indet. | [12] | ||
| Birds | Phorusrhacidae | Phorusrhacidae indet. | [14] | |
| Reptiles | Turtles | Pleurodira indet. |  | [15] |
- Abanico Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Chile
- Macarao Formation, contemporaneous formation of Colombia
- Soncco Formation, contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Peru
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