Graye-sur-Mer
Commune in Normandy, France From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Commune in Normandy, France From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Graye-sur-Mer is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region, in northwestern France.[3] It lies 1 km west of Courseulles-sur-Mer, and 18 km east of Bayeux.[4]
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (December 2008) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Graye-sur-Mer | |
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Coordinates: 49°19′48″N 0°28′16″W | |
Country | France |
Region | Normandy |
Department | Calvados |
Arrondissement | Bayeux |
Canton | Courseulles-sur-Mer |
Intercommunality | Seulles Terre et Mer |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–2026) | Pascal Thiberge[1] |
Area 1 | 6.54 km2 (2.53 sq mi) |
Population (2021)[2] | 761 |
• Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
INSEE/Postal code | 14318 /14470 |
Elevation | 2–47 m (6.6–154.2 ft) (avg. 6 m or 20 ft) |
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
The commune probably acquired its name from an old landed estate in its vicinity owned by a knight subordinate to William the Conqueror, Anchetil de Greye.
On D-Day, not garrisoned as a defensible strong point, Graye-sur-Mer, lay in the shadow of fighting at the German Stongpoint: Stützpuntkte (StP) at Courseulles-sur-Mer, and for one more day under the ‘influence' of Ost-Bataillon 441./Infanterie-Division 716.[5] The 7th Canadian Infantry (Assault) Brigade (Group) landing on D-Day, on the Mike and Nan Green beaches, would liberate Graye-sur-Mer, greatly benefiting from the Naval Bombardment Programme, about which the arriving Canadians had complained early in the day. Graye-sur-Mer, liberated early on 06.06.1944, was the object of several notable tactical engagements on D-Day, before the day was concluded.[6] The citizens getting their first taste of something at 06h30 (Paris Time) when naval bombardment began to their west at Ver-Sur-Mer and then took up to their southeast at 06h52 (Paris Time).[7] Not knowing it was the Normandy Landings, the sound of war got closer to the village at 08h45 (Paris Time) when the French Destroyer Escort La Combattante (FNFL) began to shell Hameau Vaux and Hameau de la Valette.[8] The first Canadians to see action in Graye-sur-Mer was 'C' Company, The Canadian Scottish Regiment in ‘destroying' the German Resistance Nest at Breche Le Bisson and ‘capturing' the Château de Vaux.[9] The village was ‘liberated' by 'D' Company, Royal Winnipeg Rifles just after 10 AM (Paris Time, The ‘Little Black Devils' clearing the town, and quickly moving off to Banville.[10]
D-Day Operation Neptune: The Naval Bombardment was set out within a deliberate timetable, to ensure that naval gunfire could eliminate targets inland, threatening the landing beaches. Operation NEPTUNE was the kick-off, toward the liberation of France, it was the amphibious phase of Operation OVERLORD. In the NEPTUNE Plan, the landing of troops and continuing neutralization of enemy batteries was the direct responsibility of Allied Naval and Air Support.[11] As the citizens of Graye-sur-Mer were woken up by the sounds of guns, not far from their homes, its two components could not have been distinguishable.
The 'Counter Battery Fire Support' Programme, delivered by the Royal Navy: (BBF) Bombardment Force ‘E' Juno Beach (x2 targets) and (BBF) Bombardment Force ‘G' Gold Beach (x2 targets), delivered first counter battery fire.
Bombardment Type | Timing: BST | Vessel / Force | Target | Details | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Counter Battery / Fire Support Area ‘E' | 05h27m | HMS Belfast (C35) / BBF ‘E' | Ver Sur Mer: WN32 | Batterie 6./Batn II./1716 AR. / 4x 100 mm leFH 14/19 (t) | UK Gold / West of Graye-sur-Mer |
Counter Battery / Fire Sp Area ‘G' | 05h30m | HMS Orion (85) / Force ‘K' | La Rivière: Mont Fleury - WN 33 | Kompanie 7. / Bataillon II. / Gren.Regt 736. | UK Gold / West of Graye-sur-Mer |
Counter Battery / Fire Support Area ‘E' | 05h52m | HMS Diadem (84) / BBF ‘E' | Beny-sur-Mer (West) - WN 28a | Batterie 7.(Resi) /1716 AR. / x4 100mm le.F.H14/19(t) | RAF (Tactical) Bombers: 08h15 |
Counter Battery / Fire Support Area ‘X' | 06h19m | HMS Kempenfelt (R03) / Force J2 | Ko 3 (Flak). /Pz.Jg.-Abt.716 | Six 7.5 cm D.C.A. Mle 1938(f) AA Flak Guns | RAF (Tactical) Bombers: 07h55 |
The Beach Drenching Fire Programme was set out in a rigorous framework to ensure that indirect fire was brought to the right beach, at the right time. For the three 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade beaches, Task Force J - Assault Group J1, was controlled by LSH HMS Lawford (Captain Assault Group J1 - Fire Support Area ‘Y'). HMS Venus (a Hunt Class - Destroyer Escort) was held in Reserve and two Fleet Class – Destroyers, as was planned, were not to fire in support of the 7 CIB Landings. The Commander 7 CIB commenting that "the terrific devastation which was to have been caused by bombing of the coast defense on either side of the River Seulles did not materialize. The only damage visible from the sea was that effected by our self-propelled artillery fire from LCAs."[14]
Bombardment Type | H-Hour: 07h45 BST | Vessel / Force | Vessel Class | Target | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planned Targets Shore Defences: Covering Fire | H-40 to H | La Combattante (FNFL) / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Hunt Class - Destroyer Escort | on MIKE Green / MIKE Red | Remained to H+12: Close Support to Strongpoints / Flanks. |
Planned Targets Shore Defences: Covering Fire | H-40 to H | HMS Stevenstone / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Hunt Class - Destroyer Escort | on NAN Green | at H+ Close Support Fire to Strongpoints / The Flanks. |
Targets on Flank: Planned Targets | H-40 to H | HMS Venus / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Fleet Class – Destroyer: Four 4.7” guns | All of the 7 CIB Landing Sector | FOB On-Call - Close Support: Strongpoints / The Flanks. |
Targets on Flank: Planned Targets | H-40 to H | HMS Faulkner / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Fleet Class – Destroyer: Four 4.7” guns | Did Not Fire in Support of 7 CIB | Ordered to Fire on UK Love from H-40 minutes |
Targets on Flank: Planned Targets | H-40 to H | HMS Fury / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Fleet Class – Destroyer: Four 4.7” guns | Did Not Fire in Support of 7 CIB | Ordered to Fire on UK Love from H-40 minutes |
Covering Fire: DD Tanks (Launching) | H-40 to H | LCG(L) 831 & LCF (2) Flak / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Landing Craft Gun / with x2 4.7-inch (120mm) Guns | Engage beach guns firing from MIKE Red / Mike Green | Engage beach defences from H-30 minutes |
Covering Fire: DD Tanks (Launching) | H-40 to H | LCG(L) 1062 & LCG(L) 1007 / Fire Support Area ‘Y' | Landing Craft Gun / with x2 4.7-inch (120mm)Guns | Engage beach guns firing from NAN Green | Engage beach defences from H-30 minutes |
Widerstandnesten WN 33a Hameau de Vaux (Breche Le Buisson) was located at North 49°20'30.88" / West 00°29'41.37" and in June 1944, for targeting purposes, at: LZ1 vT MR Grid 9449862 (Ref. GSGS 4250 1:50K: Creully Sheet 7E/5). The (WN) - Resistance Nest at the Breche Le Bisson was a small ‘platoon-sized' position, attempting to fill the tactical gap, at the ‘Divisional' Sector boundaries of KVU-Gr. Meuvaines (325 Inf-Div) and KVU-Gr. Seulles (716 Inf-Div). It sat isolated on an open stretch of sand dune, sited between WN31 Couseulles-sur-Mer (CA Juno Sector) and WN33 Ver-sur-Mer (UK Gold Sector). A Type Heer R677 Casement was built for an 8.8 cm Pak 43/41 (no gun installed), a Type Heer H612 Embrasure ‘Open' Casemate (Field Artillery / Anti-Tank Gun), was under construction, it housed a 75-mm FK 16 nA Gun, and an MG Shartenständ - Heavy MG (was under construction) being placed to cover a land approach. WN 33a was manned by Kompanie 1./ Ost-Bataillon 441, their company position, with several small field constructed bunkers, sat located to its rear in Hameau de Vaux (le Buission).[17][18] ‘C' Company, The Canadian Scottish Regiment, had the task of taking WN 33a, and they worked hard to get there. 'C' Company (OC Major D.G. Crofton) landing at 07h50, at MIKE Green, under machine gun and mortar fire, quickly covered 75–100 yards of beach, to the dunes.[19] MIKE was an area of coastal deposition where the dunes had built up until they were between one hundred and two hundred yards deep. On Mike Green, beyond the dunes, the area inland tended to be damp and liable to flood. A series of drainage ditches had been dug to help drain the land.[20] Passing through a tactical minefield, with not much of a fight, WN 33a was easily overcome, their objective knocked-out by earlier naval bombardment. As prior to the Canadian landings, Assault Group J1 - Beach Bombardment Drenching Fire had neutralized the 75-mm gun.[21] Their first objective taken ‘C' Company moved onto the Château de Vaux (Aérium de Graye), accommodating the headquarters of Kompanie 1./ Ost-Batl 441.[22] The Canadian Scottish Regiment (7 CIB Reserve) companies coming ashore, under sporadic mortar fire, the beach exits not yet complete, had to fight through scattered resistance, just beyond the beaches.[23] Their primary opponent the 'volunteered' soldiers of Ost-Bataillon 441.
Ost-Bataillon 441. (Ukrainian) Stab: Southwest of Ver-sur-Mer: At de Mars-Fontaine (KVU-Gr Meuvaines Defence Sector).[24] Headquartered to the west of Graye-sur-Mer, Ost-Bataillon 441. (Ukrainian) had deployed two of its companies well west of la Seulles, focused on Mont Fleury and La Riviere, and two companies astride la Seulles, they focused on Courseulles-sur-Mer. The Canadians engaged these later two companies on D-Day, from the sea and beyond their beaches. Ost-Bataillon 441 (formed on 15.01.1943) transferred into Normandy as Heerestruppen (AOK 7 Reserve) on 19.01.1944. Being sent forward, first to the Bayeux area attached to 352. Infanterie-Div (on 19.03.1944) and then to the Meuvaines area, and attached to 716 Infanterie-Div (on 29.05.1944).[25][26] Arriving ‘late' in the Graye-sur-Mer area, Ost-Bataillon 441., was positioned at a ‘Regimental Boundary' in Infanterie-Division 716, its four companies divided to fight in two different ‘Battalion KVU-Gruppe Defence Sectors'.
The second wave companies of The Regina Rifle Regiment (NAN Green), The Royal Winnipeg Rifles (MIKE Red) and The Canadian Scottish (MIKE Green), experiencing different fights, beyond their beaches, expected the 88mm (Flak 16 Aircraft Artillery Gun, with a maximum rate of fire of 15 shells/min) to remain a serious threat throughout the day. An organized line of four anti-tank weapon positions had been set out in their paths, which would not develop the delay planned. The Assault Group J1 - Beach Drenching Fire Programme did such damage that the Canadians quickly moved beyond its Beachhead Objective Line (YEW), with fewer casualties than anticipated.[30]
While surrounded by arriving Canadians, Graye-sur-Mer was not the object of a damaging tactical engagement on D-Day, its ‘liberation' almost uneventful, coming very early in the morning.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1962 | 460 | — |
1968 | 416 | −9.6% |
1975 | 405 | −2.6% |
1982 | 525 | +29.6% |
1990 | 567 | +8.0% |
1999 | 593 | +4.6% |
2008 | 652 | +9.9% |
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